ReviewAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2020
Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Mechanism of Action, Antimicrobial Efficacy in Biofilms, and Potential Risks of Resistance.
Review in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride and essential oil mouthwashes in reducing plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Randomized controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial chewing gum in reducing plaque and gingivitis in adolescent orthodontic patients.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Trial
- Halitosis Relief Effect of Mouthwash Containing Lespedeza cuneata Extract: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2023Trial
- Mouthrinses against SARS-CoV-2 - High antiviral effectivity by membrane disruption in vitro translates to mild effects in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Virus research · 2022Trial
- Extended release of DELOS nanovesicles from thermoreversible in situ-forming subcutaneous depots.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Otilonium bromide exhibits novel antifungal activity againstVirulence · 2026Article
- Protein Expression Profiles of Antiseptic-AdaptedMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the healing efficiency of mucoadhesive Ocimum basilicum solid lipid nano particles oral gel versus Oracure® gel in the treatment of induced buccal ulcer in rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Clinical Status and Salivary aMMP-8 Evaluation of 0.12% Chlorhexidine Versus MicroRepairDentistry journal · 2026Article
- Development of in vitro airway epithelial model to assess immune response and safety of mucosal adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Mechanism and Molecular Design Principles of Cationic Surfactants: From Charge-Driven Membrane Interactions to Next-Generation Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Ionic Liquids as Antibacterial and Drug Delivery Agents: How Cationic Amphiphilic Structure Controls Morphology Changes in Lipid Bilayers and Penetration Mechanism.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of a human gutFuture microbiology · 2026Article
- 2-methoxyestradiol is effective in 2D and 3D models of NCI-H2170 lung squamous cell carcinoma cells.PloS one · 2026Article
- Exfoliating effect of β-glycyrrhetinic acid on plaque inducing gingivitis: Comparison with cetylpyridinium chloride.PloS one · 2026Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of Biofilm Formation by Oral Microorganisms on Clear Aligner Materials: Influence of Mouthwash Exposure.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Nanoscale clustering and dynamics of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in an immune cell model.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Nanostructured Clays Used as Carriers for Controlled Delivery of Antibacterial Compounds From Direct Restorative Dental Materials: A Scoping Review.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Structure-Function Insights into Quinuclidine-3-One BisQACs: Synthesis, Modulation of Bacterial Resistance, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Biological Profiling.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of TheraBreath™ Oral Rinses: An In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious issue for public health care all over the world. While resistance toward antibiotics has attracted strong interest among researchers and the general public over the last 2 decades, the directly related problem of resistance toward antiseptics and biocides has been somewhat left untended. In the field of dentistry, antiseptics are routinely used in professional care, but they are also included in lots of oral care products such as mouthwashes or dentifrices, which are easily available for consumers over-the-counter. Despite this fact, there is little awareness among the dental community about potential risks of the widespread, unreflected, and potentially even needless use of antiseptics in oral care. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound, which was first described in 1939, is one of the most commonly used antiseptics in oral care products and included in a wide range of over-the-counter products such as mouthwashes and dentifrices. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current literature on CPC, particularly focusing on its mechanism of action, its antimicrobial efficacy toward biofilms, and on potential risks of resistance toward this antiseptic as well as underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, this work aims to raise awareness among the dental community about the risk of resistance toward antiseptics in general.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.