ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2020
Rural risk environments, opioid-related overdose, and infectious diseases: A multidimensional, spatial perspective.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the spatial epidemiology of hepatitis C infection: systematic synthesis of area-level determinants and spatiotemporal analyses.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Community Pharmacies in Creating Harm Reduction Infrastructure to Address the US Opioid Crisis.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- Drug Use and Social Connectivity Related to Hepatitis C Infection Among Rural People Who Use Drugs.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Identifying communities at elevated risk of hepatitis C infection in Los Angeles County: an ecological study using machine learning.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The geography of risk: understanding disparities in nonmedical opioid mortality and the role of socio-built environments in New Jersey.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Associations of community socioeconomic factors and opioid use disorder across an urban-to-rural spectrum in Pennsylvania: an electronic health record-based case-control study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examining trends in polydrug overdose deaths across rural Midwest counties in the United States, 2022 through 2024.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Exploring Space-Time Interactions in Fatal Opioid Overdoses.Geographical analysis · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis of sexually transmitted infection vulnerability among pregnant women in Bandar Lampung: Policy implications for Indonesia's Triple Elimination Program.IJID regions · 2025Article
- A multi-method spatial examination of factors associated with changes in geographic accessibility to buprenorphine providers in HEALing communities study states Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Ohio.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Rapid Assessment Amid an Injection Drug Use-Driven HIV Outbreak in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley: Highlights from a Case Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Correction: Rapid Assessment Amid an Injection Drug Use-Driven HIV Outbreak in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley: Highlights from a Case Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Spatial Patterns of Delivery Hospitalizations with Opioid Use Disorder in Pennsylvania.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Article
- "Expected to happen": perspectives on post-release overdose from recently incarcerated people with opioid use disorder.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Risk factors for persistent fatal opioid-involved overdose clusters in Massachusetts 2011-2021: a spatial statistical analysis with socio-economic, accessibility, and prescription factors.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Overdose responses among rural people who use drugs: A multi-regional qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- The relationship between felt stigma and non-fatal overdose among rural people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- The impact of fentanyl on state- and county-level psychostimulant and cocaine overdose death rates by race in Ohio from 2010 to 2020: a time series and spatiotemporal analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Social-spatial network structures among young urban and suburban persons who inject drugs in a large metropolitan area.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMuch remains unknown in rural risk environments, despite a growing crisis in these areas. We adapt a risk environment framework to characterize rural southern Illinois and describe the relations of risk environments, opioid-related overdose, HIV, Hepatitis C, and sexually transmitted infection rates between 2015 and 2017.
methodsOver two dozen risk environment variables are summarized across zip-code (n = 128) or county levels (n = 16) based on availability and theoretical relevance. We calculate data attribute associations and characterize spatial and temporal dimensions of longitudinal health outcomes and the rural risk environment. We then use a "regional typology analysis" to generate data-driven risk regions and compare health outcomes.
resultsPervasive risk hotspots were identified in more populated locales with higher rates of overdose and HCV incidence, whereas emerging risk areas were isolated to more rural locales that had experienced an increase in analgesic opiate overdoses and generally lacked harm-reduction resources. At-risk areas were characterized with underlying socioeconomic vulnerability but in differing ways, reflecting a nuanced and shifting structural risk landscape.
conclusionsRural risk environment vulnerabilities and associated opioid-related health outcomes are multifaceted and spatially heterogeneous. More research is needed to better understand how refining geographies to more precisely define risk can support intervention efforts and further enrich investigations of the opioid epidemic.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.