ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2020
Impact of hand hygiene intervention: a comparative study in health care facilities in Dodoma region, Tanzania using WHO methodology.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hand-hygiene-related clinical trials reported between 2014 and 2020: a comprehensive systematic review.The Journal of hospital infection · 2021Pooled it
- Assessment of infection prevention and control in public hospitals in the post war Tigray region of Ethiopia using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF).Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Evaluation of hand hygiene implementation in hospitals in the post-war Tigray region of Ethiopia, using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework.Infection prevention in practice · 2025Article
- Food hygiene practices and associated factors among food handlers in food establishments of Jimma City, Southwest Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intervention to Improve Children's Hygiene in Urban Squatter Settlement Schools in Pakistan: An Implementation Research.Environmental health insights · 2025Article
- Exposure behaviour to Escherichia coli among households in Imvepi refugee settlement, Terego district Uganda.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Multimodal strategies to hand hygiene in Ghanaian hospitals: a cross-sectional study in the Eastern Region of Ghana.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Hand Hygiene Practices and Promotion in Public Hospitals in Western Sierra Leone: Changes Following Operational Research in 2021.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Have Hand Hygiene Practices in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Improved in 2023 following Operational Research in 2021?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- The long-term impact of immediate verbal feedback of hand hygiene compliance after overt observation sessions, as assessed by continuous closed-circuit television monitoring in an intensive care setting.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- How Well Are Hand Hygiene Practices and Promotion Implemented in Sierra Leone? A Cross-Sectional Study in 13 Public Hospitals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Comparison of hand hygiene compliance self-assessment and microbiological hand contamination among healthcare workers in Mwanza region, Tanzania.Infection prevention in practice · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCompliance with guidelines on hand hygiene (HH) is pivotal to prevent and control health-care associated infections and contributes to mitigating antimicrobial resistance. A baseline assessment in Dodoma region, Tanzania in March 2018 showed inadequate HH levels across health care facilities. We evaluated the impact of training in HH as part of a water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions of "Maji kwa Afya ya Jamii" (MKAJI) project.
methodsA comparative HH assessment was conducted in June 2019 involving health care facilities under MKAJI project (n = 87 from which 98 units were assessed) vs non-MKAJI facilities (n = 85 from which 99 units were assessed). Irrespective of MKAJI interventional status, baseline assessment in March 2018 were compared to re-assessment in June 2019 in all health care facility units (unpaired comparison: 261 vs 236 units, respectively), and in facilities assessed in both surveys (paired comparison: 191 versus 191 units, respectively). The 'WHO HH Self-Assessment Framework Tool, 2010' with five indicators each counting 100 points was used. The cumulative scores stratified each health facility's unit into inadequate (0-125), basic (126-250), intermediate (251-375) or advanced (376-500) HH level (score). The HH compliance rates were also assessed and compared.
resultsThe overall post-intervention median HH score [interquartile range (IQR)] was 187.5 (112.5-260). MKAJI health facilities had significantly higher median HH scores (IQR) [190 (120-262.5)] compared with non-MKAJI facilities [165 (95-230); p = 0.038]. Similarly, the HH compliance rate of ≥51% was significantly higher in MKAJI than non-MKAJI facilities [56.1% versus 30.3%; chi2 = 13.39, p < 0.001]. However, the recommended WHO compliance rate of ≥81% was only reached by 6.1 and 3.0% units of MKAJI and non-MKAJI facilities, respectively. Both paired and unpaired comparisons during baseline and re-assessment surveys showed increase in HH level from inadequate to basic level.
conclusionThe overall HH level after the combined WASH and training intervention was at basic level. Higher median HH scores (IQR) and HH compliance rates were evident in health facilities of the MKAJI project, underscoring the impact of the intervention and the potential value of a national roll-out.
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