SynthesisBMC pediatrics2020
Immunization coverage and its determinant factors among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: a systematic review, and Meta- analysis of cross-sectional studies.
Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coverage and determinants of childhood immunization in Somalia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Full immunization coverage and associated factors among children age 12-23 months in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of mHealth on childhood vaccination and its associated factors among South Ethiopian mothers: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Spatiotemporal distribution and determinants of immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: Using EDHS 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Assessment of knowledge and practice of childhood vaccination among mothers of under five year children in Jimma city government health facilities, South-West Oromia, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Factors associated with uptake of second year of life vaccines among children 24-35 months in Western Region One, The Gambia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Spatial distribution of full immunization and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Madagascar: a spatial and multilevel analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pertussis outbreak investigation, associated risk factors, and evaluation of intervention effectiveness in Sayient Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A case-control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring barriers to the expanded programme on immunisation service utilisation in pastoralist communities of Afar, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Effect of Maternal Pregnancy Intention on Neonatal and Infant Healthcare Across the Continuum of Care in Ethiopia: A National Longitudinal Study Using Propensity Score Methods.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of immunization among under-five children in Somalia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Changes and determinants of pneumococcal vaccine uptake in Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Causes of death among young children of female sex workers in three sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional exploratory investigation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic among children aged 12-23 months in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Immunization status and its determinants among children aged 12-23 months at community health centers in Mogadishu, Somalia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Multilevel and geographically weighted regression analysis of factors associated with full immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Population-based cross-sectional study of factors influencing full vaccination status of children aged 12- 23 months in a rural district of the Upper East Region, Ghana.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunization is the process by which a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of vaccine. Vaccination coverage for other single vaccines ranged from 49.1% for PCV to 69.2% for BCG vaccine. The vaccination coverage for basic vaccinations was 39.7% in Ethiopia. There have been epidemiological studies available on immunization in Ethiopia. Yet, these studies revealed a wide variation over time and across geographical areas. This systematic review and Meta-analysis aim to estimate the overall immunization coverage among 12-23 months children in Ethiopia.
methodsCross-sectional studies that reported on immunization coverage from 2003 to August 2019 were systematically searched. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and gray literature. Information was extracted using a standardized form of Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was updated 20 Jan 2020 to decrease time-lag bias. The quality of studies assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute cross-sectional study quality assessment criteria. I-squared statistics applied to check the heterogeneity of studies. A funnel plot, Begg's test, and Egger's regression test was used to check for publication bias.
resultsOut of 206 studies, 30 studies with 21,672 children with mothers were included in the Meta-analysis. The pooled full immunization coverage using the random-effect model in Ethiopia was 58.92% (95% CI: 51.26-66.58%). The trend of immunization coverage was improved from time to time, but there were great disparities among different regions. Amhara region had the highest pooled fully immunized coverage, 72.48 (95%CI: 62.81-82.16). The I
conclusionThis review showed that full immunization coverage in Ethiopia was 58.92% (95% CI: 51.26-66.58%). The study suggests that the child routine immunization program needs to discuss this low immunization coverage and the current practice needs revision.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.