ArticlePloS one2020
Longitudinal association between lifetime workforce participation and risk of self-reported cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping the network structure of dementia and its associated factors among older adults in Singapore: evidence from two national cross-sectional studies.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Incidence and prevalence of dementia among US Medicare beneficiaries, 2015-21: population based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Midlife financial stress and cognitive and physical impairments in older age: The role of potentially modifying factors.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough many governments are promoting workforce participation (WP) by older people, evidence of WP's effects on active aging is inadequate. We examined whether there is a gender-specific beneficial effect of lifetime WP from adulthood though old age against self-reported cognitive decline (CD) among community-dwelling older adults.
methodsWe used data from a community-based prospective study of 2,422 men and 2,852 women aged ≥65 with neither poor cognition nor disability in basic activities of daily living at baseline. Self-reported CD was measured using the Cognitive Performance Scale. Lifetime WP evaluated the presence or absence of WP at baseline, the longest-held occupation, and lifetime working years (total working years throughout lifetime). Generalized estimating equations of the multivariable Poisson regression model were applied to evaluate a cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) for self-reported CD and a 95% confidence interval (CI), controlled for age, education, self-perceived economic status, chronic medical conditions, smoking history, physical activity, depression, and instrumental activities of daily living. To examine any gender-specific association, stratified analyses by gender were performed.
resultsThe 33-month cumulative incidence of self-reported CD was 15.7% in men and 14.4% in women. After covariate adjustments and mutual adjustment for three items of lifetime WP, men who had their longest held job in a white-collar occupation reported significantly decreased self-reported CD compared to men engaged in blue-collar jobs (CIR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.91), and women had a significant dose-response relationship between longer lifetime working years and less decline in subjective cognitive functioning (P for trend <0.029). Among both genders, WP at baseline was not associated with self-reported CD.
conclusionsOur results suggest that lifetime WP, especially lifetime principal occupation in men and lifetime working years in women, may play a more prominent role in preventing self-reported CD than later-life WP.
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