ArticleEClinicalMedicine2020
HIGH-FREQUENCY failure of combination antiretroviral therapy in paediatric HIV infection is associated with unmet maternal needs causing maternal NON-ADHERENCE.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing the HIV care continuum among children and adolescents with HIV in eastern and southern Africa in the era of "Universal Test and Treat": A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Examining barriers to antiretroviral therapy initiation in infants living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa despite the availability of point-of-care diagnostic testing: a narrative systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Pooled it
- Point-of-care viral load tests to detect high HIV viral load in people living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Point-of-Care Birth Test-and-Treat on Clinical Outcomes Among Infants With HIV: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Mozambique and Tanzania.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Twice-Daily Dosing of Dolutegravir in Infants on Rifampicin Treatment: A Pharmacokinetic Substudy of the EMPIRICAL Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Predictors of Cell-Associated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 DNA Over 1 Year in Very Early Treated Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Distinct neutralization sensitivity between adult and infant transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype C viruses to broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Immune signatures and biomarkers of viral control in early-treated children with HIV: insights informing intervention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Autovaccination revisited: potential to boost antiviral immunity and facilitate HIV-1 cure/remission in children.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Research Toward a Cure for Perinatal HIV.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Analytical treatment interruption in children living with HIV: position statement from the EPIICAL consortium.The lancet. HIV · 2024Review
- High mortality following early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in infants living with HIV from three African countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Accelerated CD8iScience · 2024Article
- Advancing HIV cure research in low- and middle-income countries requires empowerment of the next generation of scientists.Journal of virus eradication · 2024Article
- Factors associated with viral load non-suppression among treatment-experienced pre-teenage children living with HIV in Kenya: a nationwide population-based cohort study, 2015-2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Iranian Treatment-experienced Individuals.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Mother-to-Child Transmission Risk in an HIV Early Intervention Cohort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Slow progression of pediatric HIV associates with early CD8+ T cell PD-1 expression and a stem-like phenotype.JCI insight · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 14 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the size of the viral reservoir in paediatric and adult HIV infection. Very early-treated children may have higher cure/remission potential.
methodsIn an observational study of 151
findingsBaseline plasma viral loads were low (median 8000 copies per mL), with 12% of infants having undetectable viraemia pre-cART initiation. However, barely one-third (37%) of children achieved suppression of viraemia by 6 months that was maintained to >12 months. 24% had died or were lost to follow up by 6 months. Infant mortality was 9.3%. The high-frequency virological failure in IU-infected infants was associated not with transmitted or acquired drug-resistant mutations but with cART non-adherence (plasma cART undetectable/subtherapeutic,
interpretationThe success of early infant testing and cART initiation strategies is severely limited by subsequent cART non-adherence in HIV-infected children. Although there are practical challenges to administering paediatric cART formulations, these are overcome by mothers who themselves are cART-adherent. These findings point to the ongoing obligation to address the unmet needs of the mothers. Eliminating the particular barriers preventing adequate treatment for these vulnerable women and infants need to be prioritised in order to achieve durable suppression of viraemia on cART, let alone HIV cure/remission, in HIV-infected children.
fundingWellcome Trust, National Institutes of Health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.