ReviewJournal of current ophthalmology
Management of Thyroid Eye Disease-Related Strabismus.
Review in Journal of current ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of hang-back recession for restrictive strabismus associated with thyroid eye disease.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Cyclotorsion as a structural and functional biomarker of ocular and neuroophthalmic diseases.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2026Review
- Outcomes of the intraoperative relaxed muscle positioning technique in strabismus surgery for thyroid eye disease.Pediatric investigation · 2025Review
- Novel Device for Intraoperative Quantitative Measurements of Extraocular Muscle Tensile Strength.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Recent advances in pericardium extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration, along with a short insight into artificial intelligence.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Review
- 2021 trends in the treatment of patients with strabismus in Japan.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Thyroid Eye Disease Pathogenesis: From Immune Dysregulations to Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Thyroid Eye Disease: Advancements in Orbital and Ocular Pathology Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Long-term surgical outcome and impact on daily life activities of strabismus surgery in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with and without previous orbital decompression.Head & face medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term follow-up of surgical treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy restrictive strabismus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Observational
- Surgical design and efficacy for restrictive strabismus due to thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciencesArticle
- Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease-related Strabismus.Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo review various treatment methods in thyroid eye disease (TED) related strabismus.
methodsWe searched in PubMed and Google Scholar and Ovid MEDLINE for keywords including TED-related strabismus, strabismus in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, Graves
resultsOne hundred fifteen articles were found, 98 of which were mostly related to the topic of this review. Management of TED-related strabismus was reviewed and categorized in non-surgical and surgical. Botulinum toxin A (BTA) is a useful non-surgical management of strabismus in an active TED and residual deviation after strabismus surgery. Postoperative under-correction is relatively more common in TED-related esotropia. Lateral rectus resection and BTA are the options to manage the problem. Muscle rectus muscle resection should be performed after maximum recession of restricted muscles. It should be avoided on a restricted or enlarged muscle. Management of TED-related vertical deviation is challenging. In these cases, the surgical treatment selected depends on forced duction test (FDT) (pre and intraoperative), orbital imaging (which muscle is enlarged), and the amount of vertical deviation (in both down-gaze and primary position).
conclusionsTED-related strabismus needs careful evaluation and management to achieve optimal outcome. Different surgical and non-surgical options are available for intervention in TED-related strabismus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.