ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2020
Maternal ethnicity and iron status in early childhood in Toronto, Canada: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01869530 (TARGet Kids!), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TARGet Kids!: Measuring Nutrition in Young Preschool Children in the Primary Care Practice Setting
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Defining the Black population in Canadian health research: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Nepal: an alternative Bayesian modeling approach.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal ethnicity and iron deficiency (ID) in early childhood, and to evaluate whether infant feeding practices linked to ID differ between maternal ethnic groups.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of healthy children 1-3 years of age. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between maternal ethnicity and ID (serum ferritin <12 µg/L) and the association between maternal ethnicity and five infant feeding practices (breastfeeding duration; bottle use beyond 15 months; current formula use; daily cow's milk intake >2 cups; meat consumption).
resultsOf 1851 children included, 12.2% had ID. Compared with the European referent group, we found higher odds of ID among children of South Asian and West Asian/North African maternal ethnicities, and lower odds of ID among children of East Asian maternal ethnicity. Statistically significant covariates associated with higher odds of ID included longer breastfeeding duration and daily cow's milk intake >2 cups. Current infant formula use was associated with lower odds of ID. Children of South Asian maternal ethnicity had higher odds of bottle use beyond 15 months of age and lower odds of meat consumption.
conclusionsWe found increased odds of ID among children of South Asian and West Asian/Northern African maternal ethnicities. We found a higher odds of feeding practices linked to ID in children of South Asian maternal ethnicity, but not in children of West Asian/North African maternal ethnicity. Culturally tailored approaches to providing guidance to parents on healthy infant feeding practices may be important to prevent ID in early childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01869530.
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