ReviewImmunity2020
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.
Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04987853 (Assessment of the Influence of Clinical, Functional, Immunological, and Genetic Factors on the Severity of the Course of Coronavirus Infection With SARS-CoV-2 and Post Covid Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,004 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,004citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of the Influence of Clinical, Functional, Immunological, and Genetic Factors on the Severity of the Course of Coronavirus Infection With SARS-CoV-2 and Post Covid Syndrome
Who cites it
1,004 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The immunopathological spectrum of COVID-19: from cytokine storm to autoimmunity-a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a retrospective observational study based on 1060 patients with a narrative review.Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) · 2023Pooled it
- Autoantibodies against type I interferons in COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Hyperinflammatory nutritional index as an exploratory combined inflammatory and nutritional marker: associations with cytokines and β2-microglobulin in COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Extracellular Vesicles as Molecular Regulators of Viral Infection: Implications for COVID-19 and Future Viral Pandemics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Increased risk of corneal transplant rejection following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Multi-antigen coronavirus vaccine induces potent and durable cross-protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Peptides Trigger Nociceptive Responses Through Spinal TLR4 Pathways.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Leveraging ADMET Profiling, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking to Evaluate the Repurposing of Product Nkabinde for COVID-19 Treatment.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Th1/Th2 immune regulation and functional resilience in older adults following severe COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Disease-Causing Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Infectious Diseases: Implications for Clinical Management and Public Health.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Association of gender and main comorbidities with expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in COVID-19 patients.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Remdesivir: Real-World Effectiveness and Safety in Individuals Hospitalized for Non-COVID Reasons and Non-Hospitalized High-Risk Patients During the Omicron Era in Greece.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Integrative Vitamin D-Inflammatory-Coagulation Biomarker Index Predicts COVID-19 Severity: Development and Validation of the Vitamin D Inflammatory Burden Score (VDIBS).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Altered gut microbial functional landscape in children with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an exploratory metagenomic study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
944 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Nicolas VabretPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: nicolas.vabret@mssm.edu.
Graham J BrittonPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Conor GruberPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Samarth HegdePrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Joel KimPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Maria KuksinPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Rachel LevantovskyPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Louise MallePrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Alvaro MoreiraPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Matthew D ParkPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Luisanna PiaPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Emma RissonPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Miriam SaffernPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Bérengère SaloméPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Myvizhi Esai SelvanPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Matthew P SpindlerPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Jessica TanPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Verena van der HeidePrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Jill K GregoryPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Konstantina AlexandropoulosPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Nina BhardwajPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Brian D BrownPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Benjamin GreenbaumPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Zeynep H GümüşPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Dirk HomannPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Amir HorowitzPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Alice O KamphorstPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Maria A Curotto de LafaillePrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Saurabh MehandruPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Miriam MeradPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: miriam.merad@mssm.edu.
Robert M SamsteinPrecision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: robert.samstein@mountsinai.org.
Sinai Immunology Review Project
Funding
Project 3 - Ex vivo immune profiling of dengue viruses and vaccinesU19AI118610 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI OSORIO, JORGE E · 2015 to 2021
$46.6MMOUNT SINAI MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007280 · NIGMS · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI BARON, MARGARET H · 1985 to 2021
$22.8MModulating anti-HIV immunity by plasmacytoid dendritic cellsR01AI081848 · NIAID · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI BHARDWAJ, NINA · 2010 to 2021
$4.5MMODULATION OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY BY DENGUE VIRUSR01AI073450 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI FERNANDEZ-SESMA, ANA · 2008 to 2017
$3.3MDissecting the influence of DNA damage response and homologous recombination deficiencies on tumor immunogenicityDP5OD028171 · OD · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI SAMSTEIN, ROBERT M · 2019 to 2023
$2.2MThe impact of HIV-1 infection and its treatment on gastrointestinal B cellsR01DK112296 · NIDDK · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI MEHANDRU, SAURABH · 2017 to 2021
$2.0MInterdisciplinary Training in Systems and Developmental Biology and Birth DefectsT32HD075735 · NICHD · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI JABS, ETHYLIN WANG · 2013 to 2022
$1.8MDefining the barriers to immune surveillance in solid tumorsK00CA223043 · NCI · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI HEGDE, SAMARTH · 2020 to 2023
$374kNCI NIH HHS K00 CA223043NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI073450NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI081848NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI118610NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD075735NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK112296NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007280NIH HHS DP5 OD028171
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Indexed as
AnimalsBetacoronavirusCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Disease SusceptibilityHumansImmunity, InnateImmunologic MemoryInflammationLymphocytesMyeloid CellsPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2
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Registered trials
NCT04987853ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.