ArticleThe ocular surface2021
Correlation of corneal immune cell changes with clinical severity in dry eye disease: An in vivo confocal microscopy study.
Article in The ocular surface, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of therapeutic effects of 0.05% Cyclosporine A versus 0.1% Fluorometholone in Chinese patients with mild dry eye unresponsive to artificial tears: a randomized control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- The effect of 0.1% topical ciclosporin a for 12-weeks on the ocular surface innate and adaptive immune response in dry eye disease: protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- THBS1 inhibition alleviates inflammatory response by inhibiting TGF-β and NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental murine dry eye.Medical molecular morphology · 2026Article
- Corneal Stromal Microdots in Dry Eye Disease: Clinical Characterization and Associations With Corneal Nerve Parameters.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- In vivo corneal microscopy: from image to insight - where are we going?Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik · 2026Review
- Observation of Changes in Dendritic Cells in Patients with Herpes Simplex Stromal Keratitis Using In Vivo Confocal Microscopy.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Diurnal Variation, Topographical Distribution and Day-to-Day Repeatability of Ocular Surface Epithelial Immune Cells in Individuals with Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Corneal Nerve Images in Ophthalmology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- UCMSC-derived exosomes ameliorate dry eye disease pathogenesis by modulating neutrophils on Th17/Treg balance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Imaging Approaches for the Diagnosis of Dry Eye: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Navigating the Dry Eye Therapeutic Puzzle: A Mechanism-Based Overview of Current Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Influence of Immune Cells on Corneal Nerve Morphological Analysis and Clinical Relevance in Diabetes-Related Dry Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Association of interferon regulatory factor 8 dysregulation with dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Influence of dendritic cells on corneal nerve morphological analysis and clinical relevance in chronic dry eye disease after femtosecond laser-assisted laserFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Corneal epithelial dendritic cells associated with ocular pain in dry eye disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies and Differentiates Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Classifying Dry Eye Disease Patients from Healthy Controls Using Machine Learning and Metabolomics Data.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multimodal Approach in Dry Eye Disease Combining In Vivo Confocal Microscopy and HLA-DR Expression.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate corneal immune dendritiform cell (DC) changes in dry eye disease (DED) using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and to correlate IVCM parameters with clinical severity.
methodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study including 300 eyes of 150 DED patients and 49 eyes of 49 age-matched controls. Severity of DED was based on the Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) classification. IVCM images of subbasal layer of the central cornea were analyzed for DC density and morphology (including number of dendrites per DC, DC size and DC field).
resultsDC density was significantly higher in DED compared to controls (93.4 ± 6.3 vs. 25.9 ± 3.9 cells/mm
conclusionDC density and morphology correlated with clinical severity of DED. While, DC density is increased in mild DED, morphological changes are seen only in severe cases. IVCM may be a powerful tool to detect early immune changes and may complement clinical examination in DED.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.