ReviewThe lancet. HIV2020
HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs in Europe, North America, and Israel.
Review in The lancet. HIV, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of multiple-behavior HIV interventions as a function of regional disadvantages: An analysis of syndemics.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Does the Association Between Stimulant use and High Risk Sexual Behavior Vary by Injection Drug Use, Sexual Minority Status, or HIV Infection Status? A Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs, and associations with age and sex or gender: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Pooled it
- Global associations of key populations with HIV-1 recombinants: a systematic review, global survey, and individual participant data meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Homelessness, unstable housing, and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Pooled it
- Development and Validation of a Provider-Specific Anticipated Stigma Scale for People Who Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of state laws that govern the distribution and possession of drug use equipment in the United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Prevalence and Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Effectiveness and Prevalence of Use Among Key Populations in High-Income Economies (2017-2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-World Studies.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Are we ending the HIV epidemic among persons who inject drugs?: key findings from 19 US cities.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Infectious Diseases in People Who Use Drugs Introduction.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Heroin, Fentanyl, Intentional Fentanyl Use and HIV Transmission in a Community-Recruited Sample of Persons Who Inject Drugs, New York City: 2021-2023.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Review
- Community-Embedded Low-Barrier Care: A Model for Engaging People With Complex Needs in HIV Treatment and Prevention.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Rising mortality among people who inject drugs living with HIV in Scotland, UK: A 20-year retrospective cohort study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Rural houselessness among people who use drugs in the United States: Results from the National Rural Opioid Initiative.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Examining trends in the incidence of HIV infection among people with a history of drug use to inform an outbreak investigation and response: A retrospective cohort study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Expectations and needs of people with illicit substance use disorders in general practice: a qualitative study in Belgium.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Article
- Past-Year HIV Testing, Current Antiretroviral Therapy Use, and Participation in Services for People Who Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Testing and Treatment Interventions in Community Settings Key to Controlling a Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs in Glasgow: A Modeling Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 17 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During 2011-16, HIV outbreaks occurred among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Canada (southeastern Saskatchewan), Greece (Athens), Ireland (Dublin), Israel (Tel Aviv), Luxembourg, Romania (Bucharest), Scotland (Glasgow), and USA (Scott County, Indiana). Factors common to many of these outbreaks included community economic problems, homelessness, and changes in drug injection patterns. The outbreaks differed in size (from under 100 to over 1000 newly reported HIV cases among PWID) and in the extent to which combined prevention had been implemented before, during, and after the outbreaks. Countries need to ensure high coverage of HIV prevention services and coverage higher than the current UNAIDS recommendation might be needed in areas in which short acting drugs are injected. In addition, monitoring of PWID with special attention for changing drug use patterns, risk behaviours, and susceptible subgroups (eg, PWID experiencing homelessness) needs to be in place to prevent or rapidly detect and contain new HIV outbreaks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.