ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2020
Are aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas two sides of the same coin? Pathologists reply to clinician's questions.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- MRI radiomics-based approach to predict pituitary neuroendocrine tumor invasiveness.European radiology experimental · 2026Article
- Molecular biology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- New Insights from the Expression of the Mismatch Repair System in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Analysis of senescence in pituitary tumors from different lineages and the potential role of senolytic drugs as targeted therapies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: Definition, management, and overview for clinical practice.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- Somatic Activating ESR1 Mutation in an Aggressive Prolactinoma.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Relationship between MRI features and HIF-1α, GLUT1 and Ki-67 expression in pituitary adenoma with cystic degeneration.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Grading and staging for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- High-Grade Progression, Sarcomatous Transformation, and/or Metastasis of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PitNENs): The UCSF Experience.Endocrine pathology · 2024Article
- Clinicopathological analysis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (PAs) according to the 2022 WHO classification.Pituitary · 2024Article
- SLC7A11 promotes EMT and metastasis in invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Article
- Predictive value of cyst/tumor volume ratio of pituitary adenoma for tumor cell proliferation.BMC medical imaging · 2024Article
- A Study of Alternative TrkA Splicing Identifies TrkAIII as a Novel Potentially Targetable Participant in PitNET Progression.Biology · 2024Article
- Trouillas's Grading and Post-Surgical Tumor Residue Assessment in Pituitary Adenomas: The Importance of the Multidisciplinary Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clinical features of pituitary carcinoma: analysis based on a case report and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- [Unification of pathomorphological examination of patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland. Controversial issues of the new classification].Problemy endokrinologii · 2023Review
- MRI and Trouillas' grading system of pituitary tumors: the usefulness of T2 signal intensity volumetric values.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
- Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Pituitary Carcinomas: From Pathology to Treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Shape and texture analyses based on conventional MRI for the preoperative prediction of the aggressiveness of pituitary adenomas.European radiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pituitary adenohypophyseal tumors are considered as benign and termed "adenomas". However, many tumors are invasive and a proportion of these exhibit an "aggressive behavior" with premature death due to progressive growth. Only very rare (0.2%) tumors with metastases are considered malignant and termed "carcinomas". Taking into account this variability in behavior and the oncological definition, pathologists have proposed changing the term adenoma to tumor. Here we explain why use the term tumor instead of adenoma and identify tumor characteristics, associated with a high risk for poor prognosis. In a cohort of 125 tumors with aggressive behavior (APT) and 40 carcinomas with metastases (PC), clinical and pathological features were very similar. The comparison of this cohort (APT+PC) with a reference surgical cohort of 374 unselected patients clearly shows that the two cohorts differ greatly, especially the percentage of tumors with Ki67 ≥ 10% (35%vs3%; p < 0.001). A five-tiered prognostic classification, associating invasion and proliferation, identified grade 2b tumors (invasive and proliferative), with a high risk of recurrence/progression. Because half of the APT+ PC tumors have a Ki67 index ≥10%, and 80% of them show 2 or 3 positive markers of proliferation, we suggest that tumors that are clinically aggressive, invasive and highly proliferative with a Ki67 ≥ 10%, represent tumors with malignant potential. The percentage of grade 2b tumors, suspected of malignancy, which will become aggressive tumors or carcinomas is unknown. It is probably very low, but higher than 0.2% in surgical series. Early identification and active treatment of these aggressive tumors is needed to decrease morbidity and prolong survival.
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