ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2021
Progression of retinopathy and incidence of cardiovascular disease: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and validation of a predictive risk model based on retinal geometry for an early assessment of diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Thirty-Two Years Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Single Centre: An Assessment of Visual Outcomes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Retinal Vasculature and Risk of Age-Related GFR Decline - The Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Association of retinal age gap with chronic kidney disease and subsequent cardiovascular disease sequelae: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study from the UK Biobank.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review [Response to Letter].Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Long-term prediction models for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy using medical features from data warehouse.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy: Recent progress and future perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Nephrology Lagging Behind in Machine Learning Utilization.Kidney medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeChronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between progression of retinopathy and concurrent incidence of CVD events in participants with CKD.
designWe assessed 1051 out of 1936 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study that were invited to have fundus photographs obtained at two timepoints separated by 3.5 years, on average.
methodsUsing standard protocols, presence and severity of retinopathy (diabetic, hypertensive or other) and vessel diameter calibre were assessed at a retinal image reading centre by trained graders masked to study participants' information. Participants with a self-reported history of CVD were excluded. Incident CVD events were physician adjudicated using medical records and standardised criteria. Kidney function and proteinuria measurements along with CVD risk factors were obtained at study visits.
resultsWorsening of retinopathy by two or more steps in the EDTRS retinopathy grading scale was observed in 9.8% of participants, and was associated with increased risk of incidence of any CVD in analysis adjusting for other CVD and CKD risk factors (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.22, p<0.01). After imputation of missing data, these values were OR=1.66 (0.87 to 3.16), p=0.12.
conclusionProgression of retinopathy is associated with higher incidence of CVD events, and retinal-vascular pathology may be indicative of macrovascular disease even after adjustment for kidney diseases and CVD risk factors. Assessment of retinal morphology may provide important information when assessing CVD in patients with CKD.
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