ArticleClinical medicine (London, England)2020
Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?
Article in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Relationship between human papillomavirus and serum vitamin D levels: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The role of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Epidemiology and health · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamins DFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker.Redox biology · 2021Trial
- Vitamins impacting mental/physical well-being during viral pandemics: a mechanistic review based on COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- A three-stage family medicine approach to unmasking vitamin D deficiency in a post-COVID-19 prediabetes patient.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Immunogenetic modulation of endothelial inflammation by the LIPG -384A/C promoter variant influences COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Chromatin and transcriptional dynamics underlying the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin DScientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Vitamin D Hypovitaminosis in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Routine Clinical Examinations.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Monitoring changes in vitamin D levels during the COVID-19 pandemic with routinely-collected laboratory data.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding the Genetic Role in COVID-19 Prognosis: The Influence of Gene Polymorphisms Related to Inflammation, Vitamin D, andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: Clinical Evidence and Immunological Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modeling-based design of adaptive control strategy for the effective preparation of 'Disease X'.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- EarlyFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Streamlined Vitamin D Metabolite Fingerprinting Analysis Using Isotope-Coded Multiplexing MS with Cost-Effective One-Pot Double Derivatization.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Vitamin D: A key player in COVID-19 immunity and lessons from the pandemic to combat immune-evasive variants.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) is determined by the presence of pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), myocarditis, microvascular thrombosis and/or cytokine storms, all of which involve underlying inflammation. A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.