ReviewCritical care (London, England)2020
Biomarkers of sepsis: time for a reappraisal.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05968287 (Evaluation of the Relationship of Neutrophil Functions With Sepsis and Septic Shock Using the Leukocyte ImmunoTest™ in Patients With Various Infectious Conditions), which is not on this map. Cited by 394 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Relationship of Neutrophil Functions With Sepsis and Septic Shock Using the Leukocyte ImmunoTest™ in Patients With Various Infectious Conditions
Who cites it
394 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 670 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of stroke blood biomarker data highlights need for more translational research methods.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy of artesunate in animal models of sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic performance of procalcitonin and presepsin in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A consensus blood transcriptomic framework for sepsis.Nature medicine · 2025Guideline
- Platelet parameters as potential biomarkers for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Procalcitonin and biomarkers for stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- LINC02363: a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.BMC immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The association of plasma homocysteine levels with short-term mortality in sepsis patients: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling neurogenic biomarkers for the differentiation between sepsis patients with or without encephalopathy: an updated meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The association between coagulation function and prognosis in patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis of predictive performance introduction.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic utility of neurogenic biomarkers in differentiating sepsis with and without associated encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Analysis of multiplexed SERS-based lateral flow assays: turning qualitative into quantitative for inflammatory bowel disease monitoring.The Analyst · 2026Article
- Incremental Prognostic Value of Glucose Variability and the Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio Beyond APACHE II After a 48-Hour Landmark in Critically Ill Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Proenkephalin in Predicting Renal Dysfunction and Mortality in Septic Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Comorbidities and Inflammation: How Chronic Diseases Prime the Host Response in Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Delirium Severity in Critically Ill Adults: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Rapid microbiological diagnostics for sepsis in critical care: integrating technological advances with antimicrobial stewardship.Acute and critical care · 2026Article
- Integrated immune and endothelial profiling predicts 90-day mortality in postoperative sepsis and septic shock.EBioMedicine · 2026Observational
- Application of a machine learning model integrating T cell subsets and clinical markers in 28-Day mortality prediction of sepsis patients.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
334 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSepsis biomarkers can have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic functions. In a previous review, we identified 3370 references reporting on 178 different biomarkers related to sepsis. In the present review, we evaluate the progress in the research of sepsis biomarkers.
methodsUsing the same methodology as in our previous review, we searched the PubMed database from 2009 until September 2019 using the terms "Biomarker" AND "Sepsis." There were no restrictions by age or language, and all studies, clinical and experimental, were included.
resultsWe retrieved a total of 5367 new references since our previous review. We identified 258 biomarkers, 80 of which were new compared to our previous list. The majority of biomarkers have been evaluated in fewer than 5 studies, with 81 (31%) being assessed in just a single study. Apart from studies of C-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT), only 26 biomarkers have been assessed in clinical studies with more than 300 participants. Forty biomarkers have been compared to PCT and/or CRP for their diagnostic value; 9 were shown to have a better diagnostic value for sepsis than either or both of these biomarkers. Forty-four biomarkers have been evaluated for a role in answering a specific clinical question rather than for their general diagnostic or prognostic properties in sepsis.
conclusionsThe number of biomarkers being identified is still increasing although at a slower rate than in the past. Most of the biomarkers have not been well-studied; in particular, the clinical role of these biomarkers needs to be better evaluated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.