ArticleBMC immunology2020
Progranulin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via NF-кB and MAPK pathways.
Article in BMC immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet Affects Epididymal Sperm Motility by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Hyposaline LUSO Mineral Water Drives Murine Macrophage Polarization Towards an Anti-Inflammatory M2 Phenotype.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- HIPK3 silencing promotes M2 macrophage polarization through NF-κB signaling pathway to enhance oral cancer progression.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Tumor-derived progranulin promotes macrophage cholesterol efflux and associated immunosuppressive features in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated hydrogel system targeting AMPK/PPARγ signaling in osteoarthritis immunometabolic regulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Loss of Progranulin Expression Decreases NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation and Enhances Bone Anabolism.Research square · 2026Article
- Inhibitory effects of spermidine on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Regulation of microglial activation by progranulin through the NF-κB pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage and its effect on white matter injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Tirzepatide mitigates atherosclerosis progression and modulates oxLDL-mediated proatherogenic effects in macrophages: evidence for M1/M2 homeostasis restoration.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Age-Dependent Systemic Regulation of C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 and Progranulin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets?Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Lasting bone marrow defects imprinted by hyperglycemia shape the immunological characteristics of differentiated M1 and M2 macrophages.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- Screening of Lactobacillus plantarum LPH10 and Its Anti-inflammatory Properties: Acid and Bile Salt Tolerance, Bacteriostatic Activity and Regulation of NF-κB/IRF Pathways.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Upregulation of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor 1 (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Inspired Microneedle Platform for NIR-responsive Immunomodulation and Accelerated Chronic Wound Healing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Caffeine Sodium Benzoate Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Promoting M1 Macrophage Polarization.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Timosaponin AIII mitigates zearalenone-induced kidney injury in weaned piglets in association with TLR/MAPK signaling suppression.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMacrophage M1 polarization plays a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases. Progranulin (PGRN) has potential anti-inflammation action, however, the effect of PGRN on macrophage M1 polarization has been poorly studied. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of PGRN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage M1 polarization and clarify the underlying mechanisms.
methodsRAW264.7 cells were polarized to M1 macrophage by LPS with or without recombinant PGRN (rPGRN) and tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody (anti-TNF-α). A cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), flow cytometry, Quantitative Real-Time PCR assay (q-PCR), Western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine the effect of different treatments on cell proliferation, expression of surface phenotype marker and expressions and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The activation of NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence respectively. THP-1 and primary bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) were also used to demonstrate effect of PGRN on expressions and secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS.
resultsIn RAW264.7 cells, rPGRN at concentrations below 80 ng/ml significantly promoted cell proliferation in dose dependent fashion. rPGRN significantly inhibited LPS-induced change of phenotype (CD86/CD206 ratio) and function (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions). LPS-stimulated secretion of TNF-α and activated phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IкBα, p65, JNK and p38 and the nucleus translocation of NF-кB p65 were also significantly downregulated by rPGRN. In addition, recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) significantly boosted TNF-α and iNOS expression vs the control group. Moreover, anti-TNF-α significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and iNOS expression. In THP-1 and BMDM cells, reversing effect of rPGRN on LPS-enhanced expressions of TNF-α and iNOS and secretion of TNF-α was further demonstrated.
conclusionsPGRN down-regulates LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization in phenotype and function via NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
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