ArticlePloS one2020
Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clusters of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Qingdao City, China, 2013-2018.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shandong Province, China.International health · 2026Article
- West-to-East transmission clusters and meteorological associations for severe hand foot and mouth disease in Shandong Province: a geospatial and GAM analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Phylogeographic dynamics and molecular characteristics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Spatial clustering of heroin-related overdose incidents: a case study in Cincinnati, Ohio.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Control measures during the COVID-19 outbreak reduced the transmission of hand, foot, and mouth disease.Journal of safety science and resilience = An quan ke xue yu ren xing (Ying wen) · 2021Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has become one of the most important infectious diseases recent years. Qingdao City has suffered from serious HFMD epidemic. This study aimed to describe epidemiological characteristics and investigate spatial-temporal distribution at town level in Qingdao City.
methodThe surveillance data of HFMD during 2013-2018 were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. The global Moran's I statistic was used to detect the spatial autocorrelation of HFMD cases by ArcGis 10.0 software. Purely spatial and spatial-temporal analysis was used to detect epidemic clusters by SatScanTM v9.6 software.
resultsThe annual average incidence of HFMD cases in Qingdao City from 2013 to 2018 was 123.16 per 100000, while the incidence rate of children≤5years old was 2879.80 per 100000. The majority (88.97%) of HFMD cases were aged within 0-5 years old and the males were 60.20%. Other enterovirus (EV), enteriovirus 71(EV71), and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) accounted for 48.75%, 30.91% and 20.34%. The seasonal peak was between May and October. HFMD had positive spatial autocorrelation at town level with global Moran's I from 0.19 to 0.31(P<0.001). Spatial-temporal cluster analysis detected six most likely clusters and three secondary clusters from 2013 to 2018. The most likely cluster was located in urban and urban-rural fringe areas.
conclusionsUrban and urban-rural fringe areas were the major locations of the clusters with other EV as the dominant pathogen between May and October. The findings suggested that the prevention and control of HFMD in Qingdao City should be focus on these high-risk periods and locations which had important public health significance for the allocation of public health resources.
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