ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2021
Shedding light on thyroid hormone disorders and Parkinson disease pathology: mechanisms and risk factors.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying potential repurposable medications for Parkinson's disease through Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide contribution of common short-tandem repeats to Parkinson's disease genetic risk.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Establishing gene regulatory networks from Parkinson's disease risk loci.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Thyroid Dysfunction and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Bisphenol S and Neurological Health: An Integrated Overview of Neurotoxicity and Underlying Mechanisms.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Emerging Roles, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of Thyroid Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Cell type transcriptomic modules reveal shared molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.GigaScience · 2026Article
- Targeting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis with Levothyroxine in Experimental Parkinson's Disease in Rats.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Beyond Radical Scavengers: Focus on NADPH Oxidases (NOX) Inhibitors as New Agents for Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disease duration-stratified associations of thyroid hormone levels with psychopathology in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Modulation of RASD2 by miRNA-485-5p Drives Thyroid Cancer Progression and Metastasis.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Concomitant Pathologies and Their Impact on Parkinson Disease: A Narrative Overview of Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the relationships between clinical manifestations and sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and menstrual factors in female Parkinson's disease patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Levodopa induces thyroid function regulation in a patient with thyroid hormone resistance and Parkinson's disease: a case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: A Contribution to Cognitive Impairment?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Associations between Thyroid Hormones and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.eNeuro · 2024Article
- The potential protective role of Parkinson's disease against hypothyroidism: co-localisation and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Metabolomic profiling reveals altered phenylalanine metabolism in Parkinson's disease in an Egyptian cohort.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Frozen Shoulder and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Danish Registry-Based Cohort Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons. Dopaminergic system is interconnected with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Dopamine (DA) upregulates thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) while downregulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. Moreover, TRH stimulates DA release. PD is associated with impaired regulation of TSH and thyroid hormones (TH) levels, which in turn associate with severity and different subtypes of PD, while levodopa and bromocriptine treatment can interfere with hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid disturbances, including hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease (GD) not only increase the risk of PD but also share some clinical signs with PD. Also, several genes including RASD2, WSB1, MAPT, GIRK2, LRRK2 and gene products like neurotensin and NOX/DUOX affect the risk for both PD and thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism is associated with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, anemia and altered cerebral blood flow which are associated with PD pathology. Herein we provide a comprehensive view on the association between PD and thyroid hormones regulation and dysregulations, hoping to provide new avenues towards targeted treatment of PD. We performed a comprehensive search in literature using Pubmed and Scopus, yielding to a total number of 36 original articles that had addressed the association between thyroid hormone disorders and PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.