ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2020
Pro-tumorigenic functions of macrophages at the primary, invasive and metastatic tumor site.
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue-Resident Macrophage in Inflammation and Cancer.MedComm · 2026Review
- Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Role of RNA 5‑methylcytosine modification in cancer: Insights from coding and non‑coding RNAs (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Chemokine-defined macrophage niches establish spatial organization of tumor immunity.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Spatial omics insights into tumor myeloid cells: roles in tumorigenesis, prognosis, and therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Growth differentiation factor 11 reprograms M2-like macrophages: Targeting immunometabolism for cancer therapy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Decoding the gut-adipose-ovary axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: from metabolic dysregulation to oncological risk modulation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Prognostic Value of the PILE Score in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory and invasive phenotype in melanoma cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Matrix-bound nanovesicles isolated from decellularized tumors as platforms for targeting parent tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal cells.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- CAF-derived exosomes drive the FGF4/SHH feedback loop by encapsulating GREM1 in non-small cell lung cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Macrophages in the premetastatic and metastatic niche: key functions and therapeutic directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the role of oral bacteria in oral cancer: a narrative review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Combined PARP14 inhibition and PD-1 blockade promotes cytotoxic T cell quiescence and modulates macrophage polarization in relapsed melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and advance in immunotherapy in melanoma bone metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CXCR4-targeted therapy in lung cancer: plerixafor as a promising antimetastatic agent.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Monocytes and Macrophage-derived mediators influence the behavior of squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only facilitates cancer progression from the early formation to distant metastasis, but also it differs itself from time to time alongside the tumor evolution. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), whether as pre-existing tissue-resident macrophages or recruited monocytes, are an inseparable part of this microenvironment. As their parents are broadly classified into a dichotomic, simplistic M1 and M2 subtypes, TAMs also exert paradoxical and diverse phenotypes as they are settled in different regions of TME and receive different microenvironmental signals. Briefly, M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory precancerous niche and flame the early oncogenic mutations, whereas their M2 counterparts are reprogrammed to release various growth factors and providing an immunosuppressive state in TME as long as abetting hypoxic cancer cells to set up a new vasculature. Further, they mediate stromal micro-invasion and co-migrate with invasive cancer cells to invade the vascular wall and neural sheath, while another subtype of TAMs prepares suitable niches much earlier than metastatic cells arrive at the target tissues. Accordingly, at the neoplastic transformation, during the benign-to-malignant transition and through the metastatic cascade, macrophages are involved in shaping the primary, micro-invasive and pre-metastatic TMEs. Whether their behavioral plasticity is derived from distinct genotypes or is fueled by microenvironmental cues, it could define these cells as remarkably interesting therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.