ArticleNature2020
Complement genes contribute sex-biased vulnerability in diverse disorders.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
143citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 257 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-stratified genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci for cognitive decline in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of myasthenia gravis uncovers new loci and provides insights into polygenic prediction.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology.Nature genetics · 2021Pooled it
- Shared genetic architecture of schizophrenia and lupus identifies pleiotropic loci with distinct downstream mechanisms.Human molecular genetics · 2026Article
- Novel HLA class I and II insights into the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Schizophrenia Spectrum Biomarkers Consortium: Establishment of a Biorepository for the Discovery of Quantitative Fluid Biomarkers.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- When help is harm.Science advances · 2026Review
- How Soon Is Now?Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of the BRD2-FGF17 Signal Pathway Induces Abnormal Forebrain Development Associated with Schizophrenia.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Distinct Effects of Complement C4A and C4B Copy Numbers in Systemic Sclerosis Serological and Clinical Subtypes.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Brain Cell Type-Specific Chromatin Accessibility in Schizophrenia.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Risk Haplotype of BTNL2 Predisposes Male Patients to NSTEMI: A Genetic and Functional Study.Research square · 2026Article
- NRIP1 disrupts ERα signal in Sjögren's disease via AQP5 suppression and MYC-driven salivary dysfunction.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Sex and the Developmental Environment Shape Molecular Networks Underlying Bronchial Responsiveness in Mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Genetic Insights into Circulating Complement Proteins in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Potential Inflammatory Subgroup.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Trans-ancestry genome-wide analyses of bipolar disorder in East Asian and European populations improve genetic discovery.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Microbiome Dysbiosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Rapid, accurate long- and short-read mapping to large pangenome graphs with vg Giraffe.Research square · 2025Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Nolan KamitakiDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. nolan_kamitaki@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-0189
Aswin SekarDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Robert E HandsakerDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-3547
Heather de RiveraDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Katherine TooleyDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
David L MorrisDepartment of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1754-8932
Kimberly E TaylorRosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Christopher W WhelanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-8468
Philip TomblesonDepartment of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.
Loes M Olde LoohuisDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-7837
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Michael BoehnkeDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-7754
Robert P KimberlyDivision of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Kenneth M KaufmanCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center & University of Cincinnati and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
John B HarleyCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center & University of Cincinnati and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Carl D LangefeldDepartment of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Christine E SeidmanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-1209
Michele T PatoSUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Carlos N PatoSUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Roel A OphoffDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-6457
Robert R GrahamHuman Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lindsey A CriswellRosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Timothy J VyseDepartment of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK. timothy.vyse@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-1464
Steven A McCarrollDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. mccarroll@hms.harvard.edu.
Broad Institute · USKing's College London · GBCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USSUNY Downstate Health Sciences University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Michigan · USWake Forest University · US
Funding
Regulation of Synaptic engulfment by human C4P50MH112491 · NIMH · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI Michael Craig Carroll, Beth Ann Stevens · 2017 to 2026
$29.5MAfrican Ancestry Genomic Psychiatry CohortR01MH104964 · NIMH · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI BIGDELI, TIM BERNARD, FANOUS, AYMAN H · 2015 to 2024
$16.7MGenomic Psychiatry CohortR01MH085548 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PATO, CARLOS N, PATO, MICHELE T · 2008 to 2012
$16.3MWhole Genome Sequencing for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in the GPCU01MH105641 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI MCCARROLL, STEVEN ANDREW · 2014 to 2018
$13.6MStructurally complex genome loci in human populations and human phenotypesR01HG006855 · NHGRI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Steven Andrew McCarroll · 2012 to 2026
$8.2MHLA GENE COMPLEMENTATION IN PRIMARY SJOGREN'S AND LUPUSR01AI024717 · NIAID · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI KOTTYAN, LEAH CLAIRE, WEIRAUCH, MATTHEW TYSON · 1987 to 2025
$7.8MLatino Ancestry Genomic Psychiatry CohortR01MH123451 · NIMH · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI BIGDELI, TIM BERNARD, FANOUS, AYMAN H · 2020 to 2025
$7.1MWhole Genome Sequencing for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in the GPCU01MH105653 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BOEHNKE, MICHAEL L · 2014 to 2018
$2.8MMulti-allelic forms of human genome structural variationR56HG006855 · NHGRI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI MCCARROLL, STEVEN ANDREW · 2020 to 2020
$339kMedical Research Council G0801418Medical Research Council G0901310Medical Research Council MR/L002604/1Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1Medical Research Council MR/L023784/2Medical Research Council MR/P005748/1Medical Research Council MR/T04604X/1NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006855NHGRI NIH HHS R56 HG006855NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI024717NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH112491NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085548NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH104964NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123451NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH105641NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH105653
Abstract
Many common illnesses, for reasons that have not been identified, differentially affect men and women. For instance, the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome affect nine times more women than men
Indexed as
Sex CharacteristicsAdultAllelesComplement C3Complement C4FemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHaplotypesHLA AntigensHumansLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMajor Histocompatibility ComplexMaleMiddle AgedSjogren's SyndromeYoung AdultComplement C3Complement C4HLA Antigens
Identifiers
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.