ArticleBMJ open2020
Exploration of trends in the incidence and prevalence of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse recording in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study using 'the health improvement network' database.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a burden of proof study.Nature medicine · 2023Pooled it
- How Often, where and by whom are Adverse Experiences Recorded in Clinical Records of Service-Users Under the Care of an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) Service?Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring the genetic causality of childhood maltreatment on multiple risk-related outcomes using Mendelian randomization: evidence from European-Ancestry GWAS.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Defining child maltreatment for research and surveillance: an international, multi-sectoral, Delphi consensus study in 34 countries in Europe and surrounding regions.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Review
- Article
- 'Once you've opened that can of worms': qualitative study to understand why liaison psychiatry staff are not asking about domestic abuse following self-harm.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- History of childhood maltreatment associated with hospitalization or death due to COVID-19: a cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Insights Into Child Abuse and Neglect in the Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) Area: Evidence and Opportunities.Global pediatric health · 2024Review
- On the complex relationship between resilience and hair cortisol levels in adolescence despite parental physical abuse: a fourth wave of resilience research.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care-Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Observational
- An external validation of coding for childhood maltreatment in routinely collected primary and secondary care data.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Consequences of COVID-19 and Its Variants: Understanding the Physical, Oral, and Psychological Impact.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- How did UK social distancing restrictions affect the lives of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of survivor views.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Creative arts and digitial interventions as potential tools in prevention and recovery from the mental health consequences of adverse childhood experiences.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Impacts of an Intervention to Improve the Identification, Referral and Safety of Those Experiencing Domestic Violence: A Mixed Methods Study in the UK.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association between childhood maltreatment and atopy in the UK: A population based retrospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Thriving despite Parental Physical Abuse in Adolescence: A Two-Wave Latent Transition Analysis on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Violence-Resilience Outcome Indicators.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The risk of COVID-19 in survivors of domestic violence and abuse.BMC medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDescribe the epidemiology of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (in women).
designAnalysis of longitudinal records between 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2018.
settingUK primary care database: 'The Health Improvement Network' (THIN).
participants11 831 850 eligible patients from 787 contributing practices. Childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (women only) were defined as the presence of a recorded Read code. OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence rate (IR) and prevalence of childhood maltreatment (in children aged 0-18 years) and domestic abuse (in women aged over 18) between 1996 and 2017. An adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) is given to examine the differences in IRs based on sex, ethnicity and deprivation.
resultsThe age and gender breakdown of THIN has been previously reported to be representative of the UK population, however, there is substantial missing information on deprivation quintiles (<20%) and ethnicity (approximately 50%). The IR (IR 60.1; 95% CI 54.3 to 66.0 per 100 000 child years) and prevalence (416.1; 95% CI 401.3 to 430.9 per 100 000 child population) of childhood maltreatment rose until 2017. The aIRR was greater in patients from the most deprived backgrounds (aIRR 5.14; 95% CI 4.57 to 5.77 compared with least deprived) and from an ethnic minority community (eg, black aIRR 1.25; 1.04 to 1.49 compared with white). When examining domestic abuse in women, in 2017, the IR was 34.5 (31.4 to 37.7) per 100 000 adult years and prevalence 368.7 (358.7 to 378.7) per 100 000 adult population. Similarly, the IR was highest in the lowest socioeconomic class (aIRR 2.30; 2.71 to 3.30) and in ethnic minorities (South Asian aIRR 2.14; 1.92 to 2.39 and black aIRR 1.64; 1.42 to 1.89).
conclusionDespite recent improvements in recording, there is still a substantial under-recording of maltreatment and abuse within UK primary care records, compared with currently existing sources of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse data. Approaches must be implemented to improve recording and detection of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse within medical records.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.