Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32499252›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2020

Time-driven activity-based costing for patients with multiple chronic conditions: a mixed-method study to cost care in a multidisciplinary and integrated care delivery centre at a university-affiliated tertiary teaching hospital in Stockholm, Sweden.

George Keel, Rafiq Muhammad, Carl Savage, Jonas Spaak, Ismael Gonzalez, Peter Lindgren, Christian Guttmann, Pamela Mazzocato

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Observational
  6. Review
  7. Patient-level cost analysis of subfertility pathways in the Dutch healthcare system.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

George KeelLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden george.keel@ki.se.ORCID 0000-0001-5275-4443
Rafiq MuhammadLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Carl SavageLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-2836-903X
Jonas SpaakLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ismael GonzalezLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Peter LindgrenLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christian GuttmannLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pamela MazzocatoLearning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Karolinska Institutet · SEKarolinska University Hospital · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study can be applied to cost the complex non-standardised processes used to treat patients with multiple chronic conditions.

designA mixed-method approach to cost analysis, following a modified healthcare-specific version of the seven-step Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) approach.

settingA multidisciplinary integrated and person-centred care delivery centre at a university-affiliated tertiary teaching hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, designed to improve care coordination for patients with multiple chronic conditions, specifically diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.

participants314 patients (248 men and 66 women) fit inclusion criteria. Average age was 80 years.

resultsThis modified TDABC analysis costed outpatient care for patients with multiple chronic conditions. The approach accounted for the difficulty of conceptualising care cycles. The estimated total cost, stratified by resources, can be reviewed together with existing managerial accounting statements to inform management decisions regarding the multidisciplinary centre.

conclusionsThis article demonstrates that the healthcare-specific seven-step approach to TDABC can be applied to cost care for patients with multiple chronic conditions, where pathways are not yet discernable. It became clear that there was a need for slight methodological adaptations for this particular patient group to make it possible to cost these pathways, stratified by activity and resource. The value of this approach can be discerned from the way management incorporated the results of this analysis into the development of their hospital strategy. In the absence of integrated data infrastructures that can link patients and resources across financial, clinical and process data sets, the scalability of this method will be difficult.

Indexed as

MultimorbidityAged, 80 and overChronic DiseaseCosts and Cost AnalysisDelivery of Health Care, IntegratedFemaleHospitals, TeachingHumansMaleModels, EconomicSwedenTertiary Care Centershealth economicshealth policyhealth services administration & managementorganisational development

Identifiers

PMID32499252
PMCPMC7279642
OpenAlexW3033314547

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.