Trial reportHaematologica2021
Lenalidomide before and after autologous stem cell transplantation for transplant-eligible patients of all ages in the randomized, phase III, Myeloma XI trial.
Trial report in Haematologica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-Occurrence of Cytogenetic Abnormalities and High-Risk Disease in Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The addition of vorinostat to lenalidomide maintenance for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma of all ages: results from 'Myeloma XI', a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase III trial.British journal of haematology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Renal outcome in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results from the UK NCRI Myeloma XI trial.Blood advances · 2020Trial
- Phase 2 trial of daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Blood neoplasia · 2025Article
- The lifecycle and evolution of new regimens on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Efficacy of maintenance or consolidation therapy for multiple myeloma based on proteasome inhibitors: a meta-analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Lenalidomide, ixazomib, or daratumumab maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma.Blood neoplasia · 2024Article
- Progression-free survival as a surrogate endpoint in myeloma clinical trials: an evolving paradigm.Blood cancer journal · 2024Review
- Combination of BCL-2 inhibitors and immunotherapy: a promising therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Perspectives on the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.The oncologist · 2024Review
- Adoptive Immunotherapy and High-Risk Myeloma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone or bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone induction in transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Assessing Pretransplant and Posttransplant Therapy Response in Multiple Myeloma Patients.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Oncology stewardship in acute myeloid leukemia.Annals of hematology · 2022Review
- Perspectives on the Risk-Stratified Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.Blood cancer discovery · 2022Article
- Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions.Oncology and therapy · 2022Review
- The Progress of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (Review).Technology in cancer research & treatmentReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 14 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The optimal way to use immunomodulatory drugs as components of induction and maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma is unresolved. We addressed this question in a large phase III randomized trial, Myeloma XI. Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (n = 2042) were randomized to induction therapy with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (CTD) or cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (CRD). Additional intensification therapy with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CVD) was administered before ASCT to patients with a suboptimal response to induction therapy using a response-adapted approach. After receiving high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), eligible patients were further randomized to receive either lenalidomide alone or observation alone. Co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The CRD regimen was associated with significantly longer PFS (median: 36 vs. 33 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.96; P = 0.0116) and OS (3-year OS: 82.9% vs. 77.0%; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93; P = 0.0072) compared with CTD. The PFS and OS results favored CRD over CTD across all subgroups, including patients with International Staging System stage III disease (HR for PFS, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93; HR for OS, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.56-1.09), high-risk cytogenetics (HR for PFS, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84; HR for OS, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.42-1.15) and ultra high-risk cytogenetics (HR for PFS, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.41-1.11; HR for OS, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.34-1.25). Among patients randomized to lenalidomide maintenance (n = 451) or observation (n = 377), maintenance therapy improved PFS (median: 50 vs. 28 months; HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.37-0.60; P < 0.0001). Optimal results for PFS and OS were achieved in the patients who received CRD induction and lenalidomide maintenance. The trial was registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT 2009-010956-93) and ISRCTN49407852.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.