Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32498702›Full record

ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2020

Reproducibility of foot dimensions measured from 3-dimensional foot scans in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.

Nirmeen M Hassan, Andrew K Buldt, Nora Shields, Karl B Landorf, Hylton B Menz, Shannon E Munteanu

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
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  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nirmeen M HassanDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia. n.hassan@latrobe.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-3472-8502
Andrew K BuldtDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
Nora ShieldsLiving with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
Karl B LandorfDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
Hylton B MenzDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
Shannon E MunteanuDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
La Trobe University · AU

Funding

Australian Government Research Training Scholarship 2015 N/ALa Trobe University (AU) Living with Disability Research Centre N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren and adolescents with Down syndrome have a distinctive foot shape (such as wide and flat feet) that often leads to difficulty with footwear fitting. 3-dimensional (3D) scanning can accurately measure the foot dimensions of individuals with Down syndrome, which may assist shoe fit. However, the reproducibility of measuring foot dimensions using 3D scans in children and adolescents with Down syndrome is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of measuring foot dimensions of children and adolescents with Down syndrome using 3D scanning.

methods3D foot scans of 30 participants with Down syndrome aged 5 to 17 years were obtained using the FotoScan 3D scanner. Foot dimensions assessed were foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, diagonal foot width, horizontal foot width, heel width, ball girth, instep girth, first and fifth toe height, and instep height. Additionally, the Wesjflog Index and forefoot shape were determined. Measurements were completed by two raters independently on two separate occasions, 2 weeks apart. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Gwet's AC1 statistics with 95% confidence intervals. Agreement was determined by calculating limits of agreement (LOA) and percentage agreement.

resultsEighteen participants were female and 12 were male (mean age 10.6 [3.9] years). Intra-rater reproducibility (ICCs ranged from 0.74 to 0.99, 95% LOA from - 13.7 mm to 16.3 mm) and inter-rater reproducibility (ICCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99, 95% LOA from - 18.8 mm to 12.7 mm) was good to excellent, although some measurements (ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, heel width and girth measurements) displayed wider LOAs indicating relatively poorer agreement. Forefoot shape displayed substantial to almost perfect reliability (Gwet's AC1 0.68 to 0.85) and percentage agreement ranged from 73 to 87%, indicating acceptable agreement.

conclusionsThe measurement of specific foot dimensions of children and adolescents with Down syndrome using 3D scans is reproducible. Findings of this study may be used to support future research measuring specific foot dimensions of children and adolescents with Down syndrome using 3D foot scans.

Indexed as

AdolescentBody Weights and MeasuresChildChild, PreschoolDown SyndromeFemaleFootHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleObserver VariationReproducibility of Results3-D imageAdolescentChildDown syndromeFootFoot deformitiesReproducibility of resultsShoes

Identifiers

PMID32498702
PMCPMC7271427
OpenAlexW3033031632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.