ArticleJournal of medical virology2020
Gendered effects on inflammation reaction and outcome of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Pooled it
- Profile of Circulatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- One-year follow-up of the CAPSID randomized trial for high-dose convalescent plasma in severe COVID-19 patients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Cytokine levels associated with favorable clinical outcome in the CAPSID randomized trial of convalescent plasma in patients with severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Sex-Specific Signatures of Circulating Protein and Cellular Host Responses Predicting COVID-19 Severity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of prophylactic anticoagulation on hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged over 80 years: a multicenter prospective cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and aging in COVID-19-Related neurological complications.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Biochemical differences based on sex and clusters of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: analysis from the CARDIO COVID 19-20 registry.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- Review
- Relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and chest X-ray severity scoring in COVID-19 patients.Narra J · 2024Article
- The interplay between Sars-Cov-2 infection related cardiovascular diseases and depression. Common mechanisms, shared symptoms.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Review
- Potential marker subset of blood-circulating cytokines on hematopoietic progenitor-to-Th1 pathway in COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Mortality risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome cases classified as COVID-19: A longitudinal study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Review
- The Prognostic Utility of Cytokines in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2023Article
- Body mass index and sex differences for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a path analysis using a brazilian national database.BMC public health · 2023Observational
- Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Age-related changes in plasma biomarkers and their association with mortality in COVID-19.The European respiratory journal · 2023Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological research has shown that sex is associated with the severity of COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism of sex predisposition remains poorly understood. We aim to study the gendered differences in inflammation reaction, and the association with severity and mortality of COVID-19.
methodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled 548 COVID-19 inpatients from Tongji Hospital from 26 January to 5 February 2020, and followed up to 3 March 2020. Epidemiological, demographic and clinical features, and inflammatory indexes were collected and compared between males and females. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to identify the gendered effect on mortality of COVID-19 after adjusting for age, comorbidity, and smoking history. The multiple linear regression method was used to explore the influence of sex on inflammation reaction.
resultsMales had higher mortality than females did (22.2% vs 10.4%), with an hazard ratio of 1.923 (95% confidence interval, 1.181-3.130); elder age and comorbidity were significantly associated with decease of COVID-19 patients. Excess inflammation reaction was related to severity of COVID-19. Male patients had greater inflammation reaction, with higher levels of interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor-α, lactose dehydrogenase, ferritin, and hyper-sensitive C-reactive protein, but a lower lymphocyte count than females adjusted by age and comorbidity.
conclusionsSex, age, and comorbidity are critical risk factors for mortality of COVID-19. Excess innate immunity and proinflammation activity, and deficiency in adaptive immunity response promote males, especially elder males, to develop a cytokine storm, causing potential acute respiratory distressed syndrome, multiple organ failure and decease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.