ArticlePloS one2020
Higher prevalence of depressed mood in immigrants' offspring reflects their social conditions in the host country: The HELIUS study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preventing depression in high-income countries-A systematic review of studies evaluating change in social determinants.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Depression among Turkish and Moroccan immigrant populations in Northwestern Europe: a systematic review of prevalence and correlates.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Mental health help-seeking behaviours of East Asian immigrants: a scoping review.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Cohort Profile Update: The Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) Study.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Mental health vulnerability in multicultural families: Risk factors among homogenous country.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Community indicators for mental health in Europe: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Social Capital as Protection Against the Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in sociology · 2022Article
- The Hispanic Paradox: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Health Conditions, Self-Rated Health, and Mental Health among Mexicans and Mexican Americans.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- The Multifaceted Pathways Linking Populism to Ethnic Minority Health Comment on "A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties' Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe".International journal of health policy and management · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmigrants from low- and middle-income countries who have settled in high-income countries show higher risks of depression in comparison with host populations. The risks are associated with adverse social conditions. Indecisive results have been reported on the depression risks of the offspring of immigrant populations.
objectiveTo assess the prevalence of depressed mood in immigrant offspring relative to the host population and to analyse whether that risk is explained by social conditions.
methodsCross-sectional data from the Dutch HELIUS study were analysed, involving 19,904 men and women of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Turkish or Moroccan ethnic descent aged 18 to 70. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Indicators of social conditions were socioeconomic position (educational level, occupational level, employment status), perceived ethnic discrimination and sociocultural integration (ethnic identity, cultural orientation, social network). We used logistic regression to assess the risk of depressed mood (PHQ-9 sum score ≥10) in immigrants' offspring, as well as in first generation immigrants, relative to the risk in the host population. Social indicators were stepwise added to the model.
resultsThe prevalence of depressed mood was 13% to 20% among immigrant offspring, with the lowest level for those of African Surinamese descent; prevalence in the Dutch origin population was 7%. Relative risk of depressed mood, expressed as average marginal effects (AMEs), decreased substantially in all offspring groups after adjustment for socioeconomic indicators and discrimination. E.g. the AME of Turkish vs. Dutch decreased from 0.11 (0.08-0.13) to 0.05 (0.03-0.08). Patterns resembled those in first generation immigrants.
conclusionsResults suggest that the observed higher prevalence of depressed mood in immigrants' offspring will decline to the level of the host population as the various populations grow closer in terms of socioeconomic position and as immigrant offspring cease to experience discrimination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.