Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32497040›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2020

An Africa-wide genomic evolution of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus involves selective sweeps, copy number variations, gene conversion and transposons.

Gareth D Weedall, Jacob M Riveron, Jack Hearn, Helen Irving, Colince Kamdem, Caroline Fouet, Bradley J White, Charles S Wondji

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Genomic signatures of selection inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Distinct Genetic Footprint of Adaptation Observed WithinResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Spatial Heterogeneity ofJournal of parasitology research · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. An atlas of positive selection in the genomes of major malaria vectors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gareth D WeedallVector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8927-1063
Jacob M RiveronVector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Jack HearnVector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3358-4949
Helen IrvingVector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Colince KamdemLSTM Research Unit at CRID, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Caroline FouetLSTM Research Unit at CRID, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Bradley J WhiteDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-6444-4159
Charles S WondjiVector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0791-3673

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 101893/Z/13/ZWellcome Trust 217188/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors threatens to reverse recent gains in malaria control. Deciphering patterns of gene flow and resistance evolution in malaria vectors is crucial to improving control strategies and preventing malaria resurgence. A genome-wide survey of Anopheles funestus genetic diversity Africa-wide revealed evidences of a major division between southern Africa and elsewhere, associated with different population histories. Three genomic regions exhibited strong signatures of selective sweeps, each spanning major resistance loci (CYP6P9a/b, GSTe2 and CYP9K1). However, a sharp regional contrast was observed between populations correlating with gene flow barriers. Signatures of complex molecular evolution of resistance were detected with evidence of copy number variation, transposon insertion and a gene conversion between CYP6P9a/b paralog genes. Temporal analyses of samples before and after bed net scale up suggest that these genomic changes are driven by this control intervention. Multiple independent selective sweeps at the same locus in different parts of Africa suggests that local evolution of resistance in malaria vectors may be a greater threat than trans-regional spread of resistance haplotypes.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularAfricaAllelesAnimalsAnophelesCytochrome P450 Family 6DNA Copy Number VariationsDNA Transposable ElementsGene FlowGenetic LociGenome, InsectHaplotypesHumansInsecticide ResistanceInsect ProteinsMalariaCytochrome P450 Family 6DNA Transposable ElementsInsect ProteinsPyrethrins

Identifiers

PMID32497040
PMCPMC7297382

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.