ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
Impact of Biological Sex on Immune Activation and Frequency of the Latent HIV Reservoir During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Tamoxifen on Vorinostat-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Expression in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5366, The MOXIE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Effect of ligands and HIV latency-reversing agents on estrogen receptor α in CD4+ T cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Limited Sex-Based Differences in Viral Outcomes of ART-Treated SIV/SHIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Tracking HIV-1 DNA fate from cell culture to humanized mice tissues.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Factors Influencing HIV Infection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Immune correlates of HIV-1 rebound during broadly neutralizing antibody treatment in young children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Age-Associated Expansion of HIV/SIV Reservoirs in People With HIV and SIV-Infected Macaques.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Gonadocorticoids Have Different Effects on the Expression of Toll-like Receptors When Infected with Various HIV-1 Subtypes.Viruses · 2025Article
- Profound reduction of HIV-1 reservoir cells over 3 decades of antiretroviral therapy started in early infancy.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The impact of sex on HIV immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- HIV-1 latency reversal and immune enhancing activity of IL-15 is not influenced by sex hormones.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Specific quantification of inducible HIV-1 reservoir by RT-LAMP.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Quantitative and Qualitative Distinctions between HIV-1 and SIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV-1 Cure-Related Studies.Viruses · 2024Review
- Defective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- People Living With HIV Have More Intact HIV DNA in Circulating CD4+ T Cells if They Have History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Pathogens & immunity · 2024Article
- A cohort-based study of host gene expression: tumor suppressor and innate immune/inflammatory pathways associated with the HIV reservoir size.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Effective early antiretroviral therapy in perinatal-HIV infection reduces subsequent plasma inflammatory profile.Pediatric research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPersistent HIV infection of long-lived resting CD4 T cells, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), remains a barrier to HIV cure. Women have a more robust type 1 interferon response during HIV infection relative to men, contributing to lower initial plasma viremia. As lower viremia during acute infection is associated with reduced frequency of latent HIV infection, we hypothesized that women on ART would have a lower frequency of latent HIV compared to men.
methodsART-suppressed, HIV seropositive women (n = 22) were matched 1:1 to 22 of 39 ART-suppressed men. We also compared the 22 women to all 39 men, adjusting for age and race as covariates. We measured the frequency of latent HIV using the quantitative viral outgrowth assay, the intact proviral DNA assay, and total HIV gag DNA. We also performed activation/exhaustion immunophenotyping on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and quantified interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in CD4 T cells.
resultsWe did not observe evident sex differences in the frequency of persistent HIV in resting CD4 T cells. Immunophenotyping and CD4 T-cell ISG expression analysis revealed marginal differences across the sexes.
conclusionsDifferences in HIV reservoir frequency and immune activation appear to be small across sexes during long-term suppressive therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.