ArticleScience advances2020
Cellular backpacks for macrophage immunotherapy.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 390 citations in OpenAlex.
- Magnetotactic bacterial-reprogrammed TCR-macrophages for durable anti-tumor photoimmune therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A narrative review of barrier-matched engineering of macrophages for solid tumor immunotherapy: design logic, translational barriers and clinical outlook.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Magnetically Guided Macrophage Immunobots Coordinate Iron-Metabolic Cascades and Immunogenic Ferroptosis for Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine beyond carriers - devices, cells & living therapeutics.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- Artificial "zombie" cells: An emerging platform for targeted drug delivery and disease treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Programmable-bacteria-macrophage backpacks for enhanced solid tumor therapy via mechanobiological interplay.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Shape-Programmable Particles from Photocurable Poly(β-Amino Esters) for Drug Delivery Applications.Advanced functional materials · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers in gynecologic malignancies with adoptive cell transfers and nanomedicine.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine-based sensitization and resistance reversal in immunotherapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from tumor microenvironment to precision delivery.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Advances and prospects in cell therapy for cancer: explorations from T cells to stem cells.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Autoantigen-loaded Polymeric Microparticles associate with B cells and promote tolerogenic antigen presentation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Universal diseased-site targeting via glycolysis-driven lactic acid gradient.Science advances · 2026Article
- Advances in immune cell-based therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Bioinspired oxidized mRNA lipid nanoparticles for ex vivo engineering of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages targeting solid tumors.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Engineering macrophages for cancer immunotherapy: emerging insights and therapeutic potential.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Rewiring tumor cytokine networks to enhance immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, engineering, and clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-Enabled Modulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Dendritic Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cell-drug conjugates: a novel drug delivery system for cancer therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Macrophage-Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery and Cancer Immunomodulation: Extracellular Vesicles, Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles, and Live Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfers have emerged as a disruptive approach to treat disease in a manner that is more specific than using small-molecule drugs; however, unlike traditional drugs, cells are living entities that can alter their function in response to environmental cues. In the present study, we report an engineered particle referred to as a "backpack" that can robustly adhere to macrophage surfaces and regulate cellular phenotypes in vivo. Backpacks evade phagocytosis for several days and release cytokines to continuously guide the polarization of macrophages toward antitumor phenotypes. We demonstrate that these antitumor phenotypes are durable, even in the strongly immunosuppressive environment of a murine breast cancer model. Conserved phenotypes led to reduced metastatic burdens and slowed tumor growths compared with those of mice treated with an equal dose of macrophages with free cytokine. Overall, these studies highlight a new pathway to control and maintain phenotypes of adoptive cellular immunotherapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.