ArticleScience advances2020
Macrophages of diverse phenotypes drive vascularization of engineered tissues.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2021Pooled it
- The Interplay of M1 Macrophages and Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis Through IL-8-Dependent VEGF Regulation: An In Vitro Study.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal regulation of neutrophil-mediated immune cascades via engineered PEEK surfaces restores osseointegration in diabetes.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Beyond immunity: macrophage plasticity in vascular regeneration.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Macrophage-driven pathological ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Bone research · 2026Review
- Regulating Cells Fate and Function to Facilitate Bone Regeneration via Designing Programmable Bio-Interactive Materials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Inflammatory Activation, Choroidal Neovascularization, and Lesion-Associated Remodeling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Reciprocal Macrophage-MSC Crosstalk Drives Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Phenotypes in a Mineralized Collagen Scaffold.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2026Article
- Macrophage cell therapy enabled by interleukin-4 mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles to sustain a pro-reparative phenotype in inflammatory injuries.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Reciprocal macrophage-MSC crosstalk drives immunomodulatory and regenerative phenotypes in a mineralized collagen scaffold.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Treatment with Sildenafil Promotes Angiogenesis and Modulates Immune Response in Ischemic Muscle Tissue.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Sequential polarization of macrophages: an immunomodulatory strategy for novel bone repair materials.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Increasing complexity in vascular microphysiological systems: considerations and advances for disease modeling.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism in obesity: Understanding the beneficial and detrimental roles of inflammation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Targeting efferocytosis for tissue regeneration: From microenvironment reprogramming to clinical translation.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Gellan Gum Methacryloyl-Based Composite Hydrogels to Promote Murine Primary Macrophage Differentiation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Article
- Lithium-doped calcium silicate scaffolds-activated M2-polarized macrophage-derived miR-145-5p-riched extracellular vesicles to enhance osteoimmunomodulation for accelerating bone regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- M2c Macrophages Mediate YAP1 to Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration in Distraction Osteogenesis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Affinity-based controlled release of interleukin-4 from scaffolds via biotin-streptavidin interactions for immunomodulation.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are key contributors to vascularization, but the mechanisms behind their actions are not understood. Here, we show that diverse macrophage phenotypes have distinct effects on endothelial cell behavior, with resulting effects on vascularization of engineered tissues. In Transwell coculture, proinflammatory M1 macrophages caused endothelial cells to up-regulate genes associated with sprouting angiogenesis, whereas prohealing (M2a), proremodeling (M2c), and anti-inflammatory (M2f) macrophages promoted up-regulation of genes associated with pericyte cell differentiation. In 3D tissue-engineered human blood vessel networks in vitro, short-term exposure (1 day) to M1 macrophages increased vessel formation, while long-term exposure (3 days) caused regression. When human tissue-engineered blood vessel networks were implanted into athymic mice, macrophages expressing markers of both M1 and M2 phenotypes wrapped around and bridged adjacent vessels and formed vessel-like structures themselves. Last, depletion of host macrophages inhibited remodeling of engineered vessels, infiltration of host vessels, and anastomosis with host vessels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.