ReviewIntractable & rare diseases research2020
Update on cystine stones: current and future concepts in treatment.
Review in Intractable & rare diseases research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A holistic guide to effective prevention and treatment for kidney stones: a systematic review exploring anti-urolithiasis approaches.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for the management of cystinuria: a systematic review.Journal of nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the metabolic evaluation and medical management of urolithiasis.Urolithiasis · 2022Pooled it
- Chiral Microneedle Arrays With Terahertz Chiroptical Activity With Chiral-Plasmon-Chiral-Phonon Resonance.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Palmoplantar and facial punctate keratoderma with crystalline deposits: A unique presentation suggesting a metabolic link.Dermatology online journal · 2026Article
- Cystine-Binding Medication Is Poorly Accessible for the Treatment of Cystinuria.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Article
- Metabolic evaluation and disease characteristics of urolithiasis in children from 2020 to 2024: a retrospective single-center study at the national children's medical center.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Early Detection and Monitoring of Nephrolithiasis: The Potential of Electrochemical Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeted therapeutic strategies for the kidney.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2024Review
- Review of childhood genetic nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Review
- Identification of mutations in 15 nephrolithiasis-related genes leading to a molecular diagnosis in 85 Chinese pediatric patients.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Clinical Course and Mutational Analysis of Patients with Cystine Stone: A Single-Center Experience.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Chemical Modification of Tiopronin for Dual Management of Cystinuria and Associated Bacterial Infections.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
- Kidney Stone Prevention.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Pediatric cystine stone successfully treated by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and antegrade ureteroscopy.IJU case reports · 2023Article
- A Summary of Current Guidelines and Future Directions for Medical Management and Monitoring of Patients with Cystinuria.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Cystinuria: An Overview of Diagnosis and Medical Management.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Disrupting Crystal Growth through Molecular Recognition: Designer Therapies for Kidney Stone Prevention.Accounts of chemical research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cystine stones are relatively uncommon compared with other stone compositions, constituting just 1% to 2% of adult urinary tract stone diseases, and accounting for up to 10% of pediatric stone diseases. Two responsible genes of cystinuria have been identified, the SLC3A1 and the SLC7A9. Cystinuria is diagnosed by family history, stone analysis, or by measurement of urine cystine excretion. Current treatments for cystinuria include increased fluid intake to increase cystine solubility by maintaining daily urine volume of greater than 3 Liter (L). Limiting sodium and protein intake can decrease cystine excretion. When conservative therapy fails, then pharmacologic therapy may be effective. Alkaline urine pH in the 7.0-7.5 range will reduce cystine solubility and can be achieved by the addition of alkali therapy. If these measures fail, cystine-binding thiol drugs such as tiopronin and D-penicillamine are considered. These compounds bind cysteine and prevent the formation of less soluble cystine. These drugs, however, have poor patient compliance due to adverse effects. Captopril can be useful in the treatment of cystine stones but the drug has not been tested in rigorous clinical trials. Novel potential therapies such as alpha-lipoic acid and crystal growth inhibitors (L-cystine dimethyl ester (L-CDME) and L-cystine methyl ester (L-CME)) were developed and tested in animals. Those therapies showed promising results. Compliance with treatment was associated with a lower rate of cystine stone formation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.