Trial reportScientific reports2020
The effect of Virtual Reality on evoked potentials following painful electrical stimuli and subjective pain.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06292663 (Can Preoperative Information Via Virtual Reality Affect Patient's Anxiety? A Randomized Controlled Trial and Patient Interviews), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Can Preoperative Information Via Virtual Reality Affect Patient's Anxiety? A Randomized Controlled Trial and Patient Interviews
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of digital healthcare systems on pain and body function in patients with knee joint pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Virtual reality and its use in post-operative pain following laparoscopy: a feasibility study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Effect of Virtual Reality Hypnosis on Pain Threshold and Neurophysiological and Autonomic Biomarkers in Healthy Volunteers: Prospective Randomized Crossover Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Virtual reality for opioid reduction in postoperative cardiac and thoracic surgery: A randomized controlled trial protocol.MethodsX · 2026Article
- Attentional modulation of sensory gating during a visuomotor task.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Article
- Event-related potential evidence that working memory whether inside or outside a virtual reality environment can reduce the extent of attention capture by irrelevant novel stimuli.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Nature exposure reduces self-reported pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Asian journal of urology · 2025Review
- Effect of virtual walk in green or urban spaces on pain perception among healthy adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Harnessing Extended Reality for Neurocognitive Training in Chronic Pain: State of the Art, Opportunities, and Future Directions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Early health economic analysis of virtual reality therapy for pain management after surgery.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Immersive virtual reality for chronic neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a pilot, randomized, controlled trial.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Compact convolutional transformer for subject-independent motor imagery EEG-based BCIs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A novel psychosocial virtual reality intervention (BMT-VR) for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Pilot randomized clinical trial design and methods.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Visions for digital integrated cardiovascular care: HRS Digital Health Committee perspectives.Cardiovascular digital health journal · 2024Article
- Features of virtual reality impact effectiveness of VR pain alleviation therapeutics in pediatric burn patients: A randomized clinical trial.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Self-Administered Virtual Reality for Postsurgical Pain Management: A Qualitative Study of Hospital Patients' Reported Experiences.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Virtual reality therapy for myofascial pain: Evolving towards an evidence-based non-pharmacologic adjuvant intervention.Interventional pain medicine · 2023Article
- Virtual reality hypnosis in the management of pain: Self-reported and neurophysiological measures in healthy subjects.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVirtual reality (VR) has been shown to reduce pain, however outcome parameters of previous studies have primarily been of a subjective nature and susceptible to bias. This study investigated the effect of VR on cortical processing of evoked potentials (EPs) and subjectively reported pain. Additionally, we explored whether subjects' demographic and personal characteristics modulated the effect of VR analgesia.
methodsThree VR conditions were compared in a randomized cross-over study of 30 healthy volunteers: Passive VR (i.e. no interaction possible with the virtual world), active VR (interactive virtual environment) and no VR (black screen). Subjects received noxious electrical stimuli at random intervals during all conditions. EPs, recorded at Cz, were extracted time locked to stimuli. Pain scores were reported after each condition.
resultsActive VR significantly decreased pain scores and amplitudes of N1 and P3. Passive VR had no analgesic effect. Age was significantly correlated to pain scores, with older subjects demonstrating larger effects of VR. Gender, game experience, and susceptibility for immersion, did not influence VR analgesia.
conclusionActive VR decreases pre-perceptual and perceptual brain activity following painful electrical stimuli, corresponding with reduced pain experience. VR has potential to serve as a non-pharmacologic treatment for pain, particularly in elderly patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.