ArticleBMC health services research2020
Post-incident reviews-a gift to the Ward or just another procedure? Care providers' experiences and considerations regarding post-incident reviews after restraint in mental health services. A qualitative study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-incident debriefing for people with schizophrenia after coercive measures.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Nurses' and nurse leaders' perspectives on a health-promoting work environment: a meta-ethnographic study.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Review
- Outcomes of Restrictive Practice Review Meetings in an Acute Mental Health Unit: A Retrospective Before-and-After Study.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Factors and Processes Facilitating Recovery from Coercion in Mental Health Services-A Meta-Ethnography.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Shared decision-making in post-coercion debriefing interventions in psychiatry - a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Safe Spaces: Mitigating Potential Aggression in Acute Care Psychiatry.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Public guidelines in many western countries recommend post-incident reviews (PIRs) with patients after restraint use in mental health care. PIRs are one of several elements of seclusion and restraint reduction in internationally used programmes. PIRs may improve restraint prevention, patients' recovery processes and care providers' ethical mindfulness. The knowledge base on PIRs is, however, vague. This qualitative study explores professional care providers' experiences and considerations regarding PIRs that included patients after restraint use in a Norwegian context.
methodsWithin a phenomenological hermeneutical framework, 19 multidisciplinary care providers were interviewed about their experiences and views regarding PIRs that included patients after restraint events. The interviews were performed over the period 2015-2016. Data analysis followed a data-driven stepwise approach in line with thematic content analysis. A group of two patient consultants in mental health services, and one patient's next of kin, contributed with input regarding the interview guide and analysis process.
resultsCare providers experienced PIRs as having the potential to improve the quality of care through a) knowledge of other perspectives and solutions; b) increased ethical and professional awareness; and c) emotional and relational processing. However, the care providers considered that PIRs' potential could be further exploited as they struggled to get hold on the patients' voices in the encounter. The care providers considered that issue to be attributable to the patients' conditions, the care providers' safety and skills and the characteristics of institutional and cultural conditions.
conclusionHuman care philosophies and a framework of care ethics seem to be preconditions for promoting patients' active participation in PIRs after restraints. Patients' voices strengthen PIRs' potential to improve care and may also contribute to restraint prevention. To minimise the power imbalance in PIRs, patients' vulnerability, dependency and perceived dignity must be recognised. Patients' individual needs and preferences should be assessed and mapped when planning PIRs, particularly regarding location, time and preferred participants. Care providers must receive training to strengthen their confidence in conducting PIRs in the best possible way. Patients' experiences with PIRs should be explored, especially if participation by trusted family members, peers or advocates may support the patients in PIRs.
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