ArticleBMC oral health2020
Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondary Smoking and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- Cariogenic Diet Assessment and Analysis Tools in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Pooled it
- Passive Smoking and Oral Health of Infants, Preschoolers, and Children: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring BMI and DMFT Indexes of Male Islamic Boarding School Students in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects · 2026Article
- The relationship between secondhand smoke exposure in Chinese children and adolescents and renal function and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association between exposure to environmental pollutants and increased oral health risks, a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Household smoking impact on the oral health of 5- to 7-years-old children.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on dental caries and gingival health among schoolchildren in Damascus, Syria: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Parental Feeding Practices and Child-Related Factors are Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Disparities in dental health issues and oral health care visits in US children with tobacco smoke exposure.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2022Article
- The Association between Nutritional Alterations and Oral Lesions in a Pediatric Population: An Epidemiological Study.BioMed research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child's growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure among pre-schoolers.
methodsA total of 26 pre-schools in Seremban, Malaysia were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size sampling. Dental examination was performed by a dentist to record the number of decayed teeth (dt). Weight and height of the pre-schoolers were measured. The mother-administered questionnaire was used to gather information pertaining to the sociodemographic characteristics and second-hand smoke exposure. Total sugar exposure was calculated from a 3-day food record.
resultsAmong the 396 participating pre-schoolers, 63.4% of them had at least one untreated caries, with a mean ± SD dt score of 3.56 ± 4.57. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that being a boy (adjusted mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.005-0.698, p = 0.047), exposed to second-hand smoke (adjusted mean ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.168-0.857, p = 0.004) and those who had more than 6 times of daily total sugar exposure (adjusted mean ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.138-0.857, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with dental caries among pre-schoolers.
conclusionA high prevalence of dental caries was reported in this study. This study highlights the need to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke and practice healthy eating behaviours in reducing the risk of dental caries among pre-schoolers.
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Registered trials
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