ReviewThe Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences2020
Two hits to the renin-angiotensin system may play a key role in severe COVID-19.
Review in The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- A radiomics based approach using adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images to allocate COVID-19 health care resources fairly.BMC medical imaging · 2023Article
- Review
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- Chronically hypertensive transgenic mice expressing human AT1R haplotype-I exhibit increased susceptibility toFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Herbal medications and natural products for patients with covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: Potentials and challenges.Phytomedicine plus : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2022Review
- Incidence and predictors of organ failure among COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Hospital-based retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Whole patient knowledge modeling of COVID-19 symptomatology reveals common molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Insights Into the Immune Pathophysiology of COVID-19; An In-Depth Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Polyphosphate in Antiviral Protection: A Polyanionic Inorganic Polymer in the Fight Against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2022Article
- New perspectives on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its related diseases.World journal of diabetes · 2021Review
- Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid-19.Cell biology international · 2021Review
- Mathematical Model of SARS-Cov-2 Propagation Versus ACE2 Fits COVID-19 Lethality Across Age and Sex and Predicts That of SARS.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Overview of COVID-19 inflammatory pathogenesis from the therapeutic perspective.Archives of pharmacal research · 2021Review
- Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Review
- The conundrum of using hyperoxia in COVID-19 treatment strategies: may intermittent therapeutic hyperoxia play a helpful role in the expression of the surface receptors ACE2 and Furin in lung tissue via triggering of HIF-1α?Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Article
- Where are we with understanding of COVID-19?Advances in biological regulation · 2020Review
- Immunoinflammatory, Thrombohaemostatic, and Cardiovascular Mechanisms in COVID-19.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2020Review
- Can Melatonin Be a Potential "Silver Bullet" in Treating COVID-19 Patients?Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- COVID-19 vaccine-readiness for anti-CD20-depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein on the virion surface docking onto the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 dimer is an essential step in the process of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in human cells-involves downregulation of ACE2 expression with systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance and promotion of multi-organ damage. In general, the RAS induces vasoconstriction, hypertension, inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation via the ACE/Ang II/Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis and induces the opposite effects via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. The RAS may be activated by chronic inflammation in hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. SARS-CoV-2 induces the ACE2 internalization and shedding, leading to the inactivation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Therefore, we hypothesize that two hits to the RAS drives COVID-19 progression. In brief, the first hit originates from chronic inflammation activating the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis, and the second originates from the COVID-19 infection inactivating the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Moreover, the two hits to the RAS may be the primary reason for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 who have comorbidities and may serve as a therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.