ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2020
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Process of Copying a Complex Figure in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease: A Quantitative Analysis of Digital Pen Data.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnosis accuracy of touchscreen-based testings for major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Imbalanced cortisol/BDNF signals and oxidative stress underscore temporary cognitive impairment in deep divers after in water/surface decompression: proof of concept.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Computer Vision Scoring of Figure Copy and Recall.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Multi-stream deep learning framework integrating images and feature representations to predict mild cognitive impairment using the rey complex figure test.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- [Early Alzheimer's disease recognition via multimodal hand movement quality assessment].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- Validation of ReadSmart4U: An Automated Tool for Neuropsychological Assessment Reporting.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Reimagining André Rey's method for recording the copy process of the Rey Complex Figure Test: A commentary.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of digital screening tools in detecting cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly in Northern China: A large cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Kinematic characteristics in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment: a quantitative analysis of digitized spiral drawing metrics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tablet-based Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copy task: a novel application to assess spatial, procedural, and kinematic aspects of drawing in children.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Hand Motor Function Under Digital Cognitive Test: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- A tablet-based multi-dimensional drawing system can effectively distinguish patients with amnestic MCI from healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Digital Health Technologies for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Initial Results from a Landscape Analysis and Community Collaborative Effort.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Review
- Automating Rey Complex Figure Test scoring using a deep learning-based approach: a potential large-scale screening tool for cognitive decline.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Eye-Tracking Metrics for Figure-Copying Processes in Early- vs. Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Comparison of RCF Scoring System to Clinical Decision for the Rey Complex Figure Using Machine-Learning Algorithm.Dementia and neurocognitive disorders · 2021Article
- Overview of the Complex Figure Test and Its Clinical Application in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Including Copying and Recall.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) is a neuropsychological test that is widely used to assess visual memory and visuoconstructional deficits in patients with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Patients with AD have an increased tendency for exhibiting extraordinary behaviors in the RCFT for selecting the drawing area, organizing the figure, and deciding the order of images, among other activities. However, the conventional scoring system based on pen and paper has a limited ability to reflect these detailed behaviors.
objectiveThis study aims to establish a scoring system that addresses not only the spatial arrangement of the finished drawing but also the drawing process of patients with AD by using digital pen data.
methodsA digital pen and tablet were used to copy complex figures. The stroke patterns and kinetics of normal controls (NCs) and patients with early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) were analyzed by comparing the pen tip trajectory, spatial arrangement, and similarity of the finished drawings.
resultsPatients with AD copied the figure in a more fragmented way with a longer pause than NCs (EOAD: P=.045; LOAD: P=.01). Patients with AD showed an increased tendency to draw the figures closer toward the target image in comparison with the NCs (EOAD: P=.005; LOAD: P=.01) Patients with AD showed the lower accuracy than NCs (EOAD: P=.004; LOAD: P=.002). Patients with EOAD and LOAD showed similar but slightly different drawing behaviors, especially in space use and in the initial stage of drawing.
conclusionsThe digitalized complex figure test evaluated copying performance quantitatively and further elucidated the patients' ongoing process during copying. We believe that this novel approach can be used as a digital biomarker of AD. In addition, the repeatability of the test will delineate the process of executive functions and constructional organization abilities with disease progression.
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