ArticleRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
DRD4 genotyping may differentiate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo.
Article in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Testing DAT1 and DRD4 Genes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using a Wide Spectrum of Neurocognitive Batteries.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Computational Identification of Blood-Brain Barrier-Permeant Microbiome Metabolites with Binding Affinity to Neurotransmitter Receptors in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of DRD4 promoter-associated methylation with mild cognitive impairment in Han and Uygur populations.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Integration of single-cell sequencing and mendelian randomization reveals novel causal pathways between monocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Article
- ADHD: Reviewing the Causes and Evaluating Solutions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Cognitive disengagement syndrome: A construct at the crossroads.The American psychologistReview
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveStudies to reduce the heterogeneity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have increased interest in the concept of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). The aim of this study was to investigate if the prevalence of two variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) located within the 3'-untranslated region of the DAT1 gene and in exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene differ among four groups (31 subjects with SCT but no ADHD, 146 individuals with ADHD but no SCT, 67 subjects with SCT + ADHD, and 92 healthy controls).
methodsWe compared the sociodemographic profiles, neurocognitive domains, and prevalence of two VNTRs in SCT and ADHD subjects versus typically developing (TD) controls.
resultsThe SCT without ADHD group had a higher proportion of females and lower parental educational attainment. Subjects in this group performed worse on neuropsychological tests, except for psychomotor speed and commission errors, compared to controls. However, the ADHD without SCT group performed significantly worse on all neuropsychological domains than controls. We found that 4R homozygosity for the DRD4 gene was most prevalent in the ADHD without SCT group. The SCT without ADHD group had the highest 7R allele frequency, differing significantly from the ADHD without SCT group.
conclusionThe 7R allele of DRD4 gene was found to be significantly more prevalent in SCT cases than in ADHD cases. No substantial neuropsychological differences were found between SCT and ADHD subjects.
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