ReviewJournal of oral biology and craniofacial research
The efficacy of azithromycin on cyclosporine-induced gingival enlargement: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplants patients.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- Effects of combined cyclosporin and azithromycin treatment on human mononuclear cells under lipopolysaccharide challenge.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in a Patient With Lichen Planopilaris: Misfortunes Never Come Singly!Cureus · 2023Article
- Gingival enlargement induced by cyclosporine in Medullary aplasia: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Functional evaluation of cyclosporine metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) upregulated by n-butylidenephthalide via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway ameliorates drug-induced gingival enlargement.BioFactors (Oxford, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCyclosporine is one of the powerful immunosuppressant drugs commonly used to avoid transplant rejection and autoimmune condition management. However, this drug has many side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, and gingival overgrowth. Gingival enlargement is one of the most commonly reported adverse drug outcome in patients with long term usage of the drug with the exclusion of other confounding factors. Hence, this systematic review and Meta-analysis was planned to investigate the effect of azithromycin on cyclosporine A-induced gingival enlargement.
methodsWe used 4 electronic databases: MEDLINE (up to January 2018), EMBASE (up to January 2018), CINAHL (up to January 2018), Cochrane Library (up to January 2018) to search all the available literature between February 1, 2018, and January 1, 2019. All papers, published up to January 2018, on the efficacy of azithromycin on cyclosporine-induced gingival enlargement were included on this systematic review and meta-analysis. RevMan 5.3 software was used to make the quantitative analysis and the pooled effect presented in terms of the mean difference. Meanwhile, the presence of heterogeneity is presented in terms of I
resultsFive Randomized controlled trials with a total of 167 participants were eligible for this study. The effect of azithromycin on cyclosporine-induced gingival growth, probing depth and plaque index was reported in 3 studies and the selected 5 studies reported its effect on bleeding on probing. The pooled effect revealed there was a significant reduction of gingival enlargement (MD, 1.58, 95%CI: 0.77-2.39) and bleeding on probing in the intervention group (MD, 1.32, 95%CI: 0.39-2.24). Statistically non-significant effects were observed on the effect of azithromycin on plaque index and probing depth in patients with cyclosporine-induced gingival enlargement.
conclusionAzithromycin has a clinically significant effect on the reduction of cyclosporine-induced gingival enlargement and bleeding on probing.
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