ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2020
Supply and Demand: Association Between Non-English Language-Speaking First Year Resident Physicians and Areas of Need in the USA.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a language access index: a mixed methods analysis.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Spanish-Speaking Resident Physicians in the United States: Aligning Workforce Skill and Population Need.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Language Proficiency: How the Physician Data Initiative's Data Collection and Reporting Standard Impacts Graduate Medical Education.Journal of graduate medical education · 2025Article
- Improving Assessment and Learning Environments for Graduate Medical Trainees to Advance Healthcare Language Equity.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Strategies Used by Healthcare Systems to Communicate with Hospitalized Patients and Families with Limited English Proficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Review
- Mixed methods evaluation of pediatric telehealth equity for patients/families who communicate in languages other than English.mHealth · 2023Article
- Exploring Race and Ethnicity Representational Inequities in Illinois Medical Schools.Health equity · 2021Article
- Virtual Medical Spanish Education at theMedical science educator · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver 25 million US inhabitants are limited English proficient (LEP). It is unknown whether physicians fluent in non-English languages are training in geographic areas with the highest proportion of LEP people. Diversity of language ability in the physician workforce is an important complement to language assistance services for providing quality care to LEP patients.
objectiveTo determine whether non-English language-speaking resident physicians matched in the geographic areas where language skills are needed.
designCross-sectional study.
participantsPostgraduate medical training applicants to the Association of American Medical College's Electronic Residency Application Service in 2013-2014 (n = 50,766). We included data from the Graduate Medical Education Track database, mapped against American Community Survey data.
interventionsN/A. MAIN MEASURES: We assessed the geographic alignment of non-English language-speaking resident physicians relative to the distribution of the LEP-speaking population. KEY
resultsWhile 37% of resident physicians spoke at least one non-English language, in most cases the languages they spoke were not those in greatest need by the US LEP population. LEP speakers' potential exposure to non-English language-speaking residents varied. For Spanish, the language with the lowest national resident physician to Spanish LEP patient ratio, the ratio was most favorable in New York at 23.7/100,000 LEP population versus 5.1 in Los Angeles. For Tagalog, the group with the highest geographic mismatch, the ratio was 70.4 in New York but 0 in San Diego, San Jose, and Seattle. Among the top five LEP languages in the USA, Chinese-speaking resident physicians were the most geographically matched.
conclusionsWe found considerable misalignment of the geographic distribution of non-English language-speaking resident physicians relative to the distribution of the LEP-speaking population. Residency programs in areas of high need could consider better matching the non-English language needs of their community with the language abilities of the resident physicians they are recruiting.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.