ArticleScientific reports2020
Tryptophan, a non-canonical melanin precursor: New L-tryptophan based melanin production by Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Melanin and Neuromelanin in Humans: Insights Across Health, Aging, Diseases, and Unexpected Aspects of Fungal Melanogenesis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Identification of widely conserved biosynthetic gene cluster involved in pigment production ofmSystems · 2025Article
- Study on the Differences in Fecal Metabolites and Microbial Diversity of Jiangshan Black-Bone Chickens with Different Earlobe Colors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Physicochemical characterization of the brown pigment produced by Azospirillum brasilense HM053 using tryptophan as precursor.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Roles of DNA Methylation in Color Alternation of Eastern Honey Bees (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Fungi as a source of eumelanin: current understanding and prospects.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Stable isotope-assisted metabolite profiling reveals new insights into L-tryptophan chemotrophic metabolism of Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic and Physiological Analyses on Serums of Chinese Patients with Active Vitiligo.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- Feeding Asian honeybee queens with European honeybee royal jelly alters body color and expression of related coding and non-coding RNAs.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- The Dark Pigment in the Sesame (Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
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5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melanins are chemically diverse ubiquitous pigments found across the life forms synthesized via different biochemical pathways mainly from L-tyrosine or acetyl CoA. Though few reports suggest the possibility of tryptophan-based melanin synthesis, however, such tryptophan-based melanin and its biosynthesis remained a biochemical riddle. Here we report tryptophan-based melanin production by bacterium, Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. Aerobic cultures of strain JA2 produced brown pigment when grown on L-tryptophan-containing media. Purified pigment showed typical physico-chemical properties of melanin. Further, extensive spectroscopic studies revealed that pigment is an amorphous, indole-type polymer with stable free radical centers. Further, hydrolysis of the brown pigment revealed the presence of indole moiety, confirming the indolic nature of the pigment. Demonstration of in vitro and in vivo pigment synthesis directly from L-tryptophan or hydroxytryptophan confirms tryptophan-based melanin synthesis in strain JA2. Interestingly, canonical melanin biosynthetic inhibitors did not affect the pigment synthesis indicating possible non-canonical tryptophan-based melanin biosynthesis in strain JA2. Further, the exometabolite profiling and precursor feeding studies suggests that L-tryptophan converted to hydroxytryptophan/hydroxyindoles and their subsequent polymerization lead to the formation of melanin. The current study sheds light on biosynthetic diversity of melanins and L-tryptophan can be a potential precursor for melanin synthesis in life forms.
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