ArticleBMJ open2020
Financial burden of HIV and TB among patients in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mortality and predictors among HIV-TB co-infected patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Financial burden of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment for patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- The burden of household out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- An extended cost-effectiveness analysis of decentralised TB diagnostic testing with Molbio Truenat MTB/RIF versus hub-and-spoke GeneXpert MTB/RIF in Mozambique and Tanzania.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Prevalence and predictors of HIV/TB co-infection in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Superior protection against tuberculosis using heterologous mRNA nanoadjuvant vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Facilitating and Hindering Factors in Discharge Preparation During the Hospital-to-Home Transition Period for Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients: A Qualitative Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Economic-Clinical Burdens of Tuberculosis Treatment in Vulnerable Patients in a Provincial General Referral Hospital in Lubumbashi, DR Congo.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2026Article
- Mapping the spatial distribution and characteristics of HIV seropositivity among women in Ethiopia. A spatial analysis.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Uncovering the hidden costs of free tuberculosis care: economic narratives of informal treatment supporters in rural Ghana.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with TB among presumptive TB patients in war-affected areas of North Wollo, Ethiopia.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Impact of diagnosis-related group payment on medical expenditure and treatment efficiency on people with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a quasi-experimental study design.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- The catastrophic cost of TB care: Understanding costs incurred by individuals undergoing TB care in low-, middle-, and high-income settings - A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Experiences, Challenges, and Needs of People Living with HIV in Hunan Province, China: A Qualitative Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Incidence and determinants of households' catastrophic payments for TB care: evidence from a multi-country trial (EXIT-TB project) implemented in East Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Perception and experience of HIV-induced stigma among people with HIV seeking healthcare in Ghana.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Out-of-pocket payment and catastrophic health expenditure of tuberculosis patients in accessing care at public-private mix clinics in Myanmar, 2022.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Consumer Financial Protection Versus Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditure in Zambia.Public health challenges · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHIV and tuberculosis (TB) are major global health threats and can result in household financial hardships. Here, we aim to estimate the household economic burden and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) incurred by HIV and TB care across income quintiles in Ethiopia.
designA cross-sectional survey.
setting27 health facilities in Afar and Oromia regions for TB, and nationwide household survey for HIV.
participantsA total of 1006 and 787 individuals seeking HIV and TB care were enrolled, respectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: The economic burden (ie, direct and indirect cost) of HIV and TB care was estimated. In addition, the CHE incidence and intensity were determined using direct costs exceeding 10% of the household income threshold.
resultsThe mean (SD) age of HIV and TB patient was 40 (10), and 30 (14) years, respectively. The mean (SD) patient cost of HIV was $78 ($170) per year and $115 ($118) per TB episode. Out of the total cost, the direct cost of HIV and TB constituted 69% and 46%, respectively. The mean (SD) indirect cost was $24 ($66) per year for HIV and $63 ($83) per TB episode. The incidence of CHE for HIV was 20%; ranges from 43% in the poorest to 4% in the richest income quintile (p<0.001). Similarly, for TB, the CHE incidence was 40% and ranged between 58% and 20% among the poorest and richest income quintiles, respectively (p<0.001). This figure was higher for drug-resistant TB (62%).
conclusionsHIV and TB are causes of substantial economic burden and CHE, inequitably, affecting those in the poorest income quintile. Broadening the health policies to encompass interventions that reduce the high cost of HIV and TB care, particularly for the poor, is urgently needed.
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