ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Design and Characterization of Spray-Dried Chitosan-Naltrexone Microspheres for Microneedle-Assisted Transdermal Delivery.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissolving Microneedles with Smart Design-A Tool for Enhancing Skin Permeation of Naltrexone Hydrochloride.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Polymeric Microneedles: Advancing Potential Through Innovative Manufacturing, Polymer Design, and Characterization Techniques.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Progress in the Application of Marine Polysaccharide Drug Delivery Systems in Tumor Immunotherapy: Multiple Mechanisms and Material Forms.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Enhancing Encapsulation Efficiency of Chavir Essential Oil via Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Ultrasonication of Whey Protein Concentrate-Maltodextrin.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bioadhesive microneedle patches for tissue sealing.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- The Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Calcium Phosphate Composite Microspheres for Biomedical Applications.Polymers · 2024Article
- Spray-Drying Encapsulation of the Live Biotherapeutic CandidatePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Design of Novel Nanoemulsion Formulations for Topical Ocular Delivery of Itraconazole: Development, Characterization andAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2022Article
- Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- The Impact of Gelatin on the Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Fucoidan Microspheres with Posaconazole.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Naltrexone (NTX) hydrochloride is a potent opioid antagonist with significant first-pass metabolism and notable untoward effects when administered orally or intramuscularly. Microneedle (MN)-assisted transdermal delivery is an attractive alternative that can improve therapeutic delivery to deeper skin layers. In this study, chitosan-NTX microspheres were developed via spray-drying, and their potential for transdermal NTX delivery in association with MN skin treatment was assessed. A quality-by-design approach was used to evaluate the impact of key input variables (chitosan molecular weight, concentration, chitosan-NTX ratio, and feed flow rate) on microsphere physical characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, and drug-loading capacity. Formulated microspheres had high encapsulation efficiencies (70%-87%), with drug-loading capacities ranging from 10%-43%. NTX flux through MN-treated skin was 11.6 ± 2.2 µg/cm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.