ArticlePharmaceutics2020
A Naturally Derived Carrier for Photodynamic Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Models.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wearable OLED-Assisted Photodynamic Cancer Therapy Using Chlorin e6-Loaded Pluronic Nanocapsules as Photosensitizers.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- A photodynamically activated nanoplatform relieves glucose-driven immunosuppression to potentiate STING immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Virus-based IFNγ gene delivery and photodynamic therapy cooperate to remodel the tumor microenvironment and suppress breast cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Advancing Cancer Treatment: Innovative Materials in PDT and Diagnostic Integration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Unveiling the potential of photodynamic therapy with nanocarriers as a compelling therapeutic approach for skin cancer treatment: current explorations and insights.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Putting a "CPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Translational screening platform to evaluate chemotherapy in combination with focal therapy for retinoblastoma.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Carbon nanomaterials for phototherapy.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment strategy that includes the combination of three components-a photosensitizer, a light source, and tissue oxygen. PDT can be used for the treatment of skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma. The photosensitizer used in this study is the naturally derived chlorophyll derivative chlorin e6 (Ce6), which was encapsulated in ultradeformable ethosomes. Singlet oxygen production by Ce6 upon laser light irradiation was not significantly affected by encapsulation into ethosomes. PDT of squamous cell carcinoma cells treated with Ce6 ethosomes triggered increased mitochondrial superoxide levels and increased caspase 3/7 activity, resulting in concentration- and light-dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Ce6 ethosomes showed good penetration into 3D squamous cell carcinoma spheroids, which upon laser light irradiation exhibited reduced size, proliferation, and viability. The PDT effect of Ce6 ethosomes was specific and showed higher cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma spheroids compared to normal skin fibroblast spheroids. In addition, PDT treatment of squamous cell carcinoma xenografts grown on chorioallantoic membranes of chick eggs (CAM) exhibited reduced expression of Ki-67 proliferation marker and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining, indicating reduced proliferation and activation of apoptosis, respectively. The results demonstrate that Ce6-loaded ethosomes represent a convenient formulation for photodynamic treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.