Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32485679›Full record

ReviewJournal of molecular endocrinology2020

90 YEARS OF PROGESTERONE: Progesterone and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: past, present, future.

Kathryn B Horwitz, Carol A Sartorius

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of molecular endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. Identification of Novel Progesterone Receptor (PR) Inhibitors (Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kathryn B HorwitzDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Carol A SartoriusDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9170-3988
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · US

Funding

Hormones and Tumor Initiating Cells in Human Breast CancersR01CA140985 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SARTORIUS, CAROL ANN · 2011 to 2020
$3.0M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA140985
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Progesterone and progesterone receptors (PR) have a storied albeit controversial history in breast cancers. As endocrine therapies for breast cancer progressed through the twentieth century from oophorectomy to antiestrogens, it was recognized in the 1970s that the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) alone could not efficiently predict treatment responses. PR, an estrogen regulated protein, became the first prognostic and predictive marker of response to endocrine therapies. It remains today as the gold standard for predicting the existence of functional, targetable ER in breast malignancies. PRs were subsequently identified as highly structured transcription factors that regulate diverse physiological processes in breast cancer cells. In the early 2000s, the somewhat surprising finding that prolonged use of synthetic progestin-containing menopausal hormone therapies was associated with increased breast cancer incidence raised new questions about the role of PR in 'tumorigenesis'. Most recently, PR have been linked to expansion of cancer stem cells that are postulated to be the principal cells reactivated in occult or dormant disease. Other studies establish PR as dominant modulators of ER activity. Together, these findings mark PR as bona fide targets for progestin or antiprogestin therapies, yet their diverse actions have confounded that use. Here we summarize the early history of PR in breast cancer; debunk the theory that progesterone causes cancer; discuss recent discoveries that PR regulate cell heterogeneity; attempt to unify theories describing PR as either good or bad actors in tumors; and discuss emerging areas of research that may help explain this enigmatic hormone and receptor.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorBreast NeoplasmsCarcinogenesisFemaleHumansProgesteroneProgestinsReceptors, ProgesteroneBiomarkers, TumorProgesteroneProgestinsReceptors, Progesteronebiomarkercancer stem cellsprogesteroneprogesterone receptorprogestins

Identifiers

PMID32485679
PMCPMC8525510
OpenAlexW3031808580

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.