ReviewCardiovascular research2021
Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection: position paper and recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart.
Review in Cardiovascular research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of initial computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease: multicentre randomised trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Morusin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via dual activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and mTORC1-dependent GPX4 synthesis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- The global burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to trans fatty acid in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Human genomics · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an integrated preclinical model mimicking cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal female rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protective Effects ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Hearts apart: exploring sex disparity in the global and regional burden of ischemic heart disease; a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Associations between female sex hormones, estrous cycle, ischemic preconditioning and myocardial infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion injury.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to metabolic risks: a systematic analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) in Dipper and Non-Dipper Hypertensive Patients with Moderate and High Cardiovascular Disease Risks.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Review
- Gasotransmitters and noble gases in cardioprotection: unraveling molecular pathways for future therapeutic strategies.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Review
- Serum cystatin C, monocyte/high-density lipoprotein-C ratio, and uric acid for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and heart failure.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- The global burden of ischemic heart disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose: Data from 1990 to 2019.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Clinical Pathway for Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Without Conventional Modifiable Risk Factors: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Review
- Sex Difference in Cardioprotection against Acute Myocardial Infarction in MAO-B Knockout Mice In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.