ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2020
Factors associated with the onset of major depressive disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries: results from the INTERPRET-DD prospective study.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of life and mental health measurements among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between patient empowerment and related constructs, affective symptoms and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes-With a Focus on Older Populations: An AI-Assisted Rapid Review of Use and Implementation in Clinical and Organizational Practice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Alexithymia: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Structural analysis of social behavior: Using cluster analysis to examine personality profile associated with diabetes onset.PloS one · 2025Article
- Bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and depression: Mechanisms and epidemiology.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization and Multiphenotype GWAS Show Causality and Shared Pathophysiology Between Depression and Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Association between antidepressant use and liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population based study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Help-seeking during 1-year follow-up in Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbid major depressive disorder.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Mental health nursing care for people with diabetes mellitus: An integrative review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2023Review
- Comorbidity Between Recent Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Psychotic Psychiatric Disorders: Metabolic Characteristics and Clinical Correlates.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Mental health in diabetes care. Time to step up.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
34 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo examine the factors that are associated with changes in depression in people with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries.
methodsPeople with type 2 diabetes treated in out-patient settings aged 18-65 years underwent a psychiatric assessment to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline and follow-up. At both time points, participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the WHO five-item Well-being scale (WHO-5) and the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale which measures diabetes-related distress. A composite stress score (CSS) (the occurrence of stressful life events and their reported degree of 'upset') between baseline and follow-up was calculated. Demographic data and medical record information were collected. Separate regression analyses were conducted with MDD and PHQ-9 scores as the dependent variables.
resultsIn total, there were 7.4% (120) incident cases of MDD with 81.5% (1317) continuing to remain free of a diagnosis of MDD. Univariate analyses demonstrated that those with MDD were more likely to be female, less likely to be physically active, more likely to have diabetes complications at baseline and have higher CSS. Mean scores for the WHO-5, PAID and PHQ-9 were poorer in those with incident MDD compared with those who had never had a diagnosis of MDD. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher PHQ-9, lower WHO-5 scores and greater CSS were significant predictors of incident MDD. Significant predictors of PHQ-9 were baseline PHQ-9 score, WHO-5, PAID and CSS.
conclusionThis study demonstrates the importance of psychosocial factors in addition to physiological variables in the development of depressive symptoms and incident MDD in people with type 2 diabetes. Stressful life events, depressive symptoms and diabetes-related distress all play a significant role which has implications for practice. A more holistic approach to care, which recognises the interplay of these psychosocial factors, may help to mitigate their impact on diabetes self-management as well as MDD, thus early screening and treatment for symptoms is recommended.
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