ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2020
Length-change patterns of the medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament in relation to their function and surgery.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mini-Open Short Superficial and Deep Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Knee With Adjustable System.Arthroscopy techniques · 2026Article
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Medial Collateral Ligament Augmentation With Pedicled Gracilis Tendon to Address Anteromedial Rotatory and Valgus Instability.Arthroscopy techniques · 2026Article
- Alignment-dependent changes in tibiofemoral contact mechanics after selective medial soft tissue release during medial meniscus posterior root repair: an exploratory human cadaveric study.International orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Several flat tendon graft types are viable options for flat superficial medial collateral ligament reconstructions-A biomechanical analysis.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Article
- Medial Collateral Ligament Repair With Internal Suture Brace Augmentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty.Arthroplasty today · 2025Article
- Which tibial implantation site for the deep medial collateral ligament should be chosen to control anteromedial rotatory instability of the knee?Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Triple-Bundle Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: The Medial Arrow Technique.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- [Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament : What must be born in mind in the reconstruction?]Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a novel robotic testing method for stability and kinematics of total knee arthroplasty.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Anatomical Repair With Achilles Tendon Allograft Augmentation for Distal Medial Collateral Ligament Ruptures.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Collateral ligament strain is linearly related to coronal lower limb alignment: A biomechanical study.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Measures of knee internal and external rotation made with a digital inclinometer are consistent with the measures made with an electromagnetic tracking system.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Current trends in the medial side of the knee: not only medial collateral ligament (MCL).Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2024Review
- [Reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament complex with a flat semitendinosus auto- or allograft].Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie · 2024Review
- A Flat Reconstruction of the Medial Collateral Ligament and Anteromedial Structures Restores Native Knee Kinematics: A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Anterior Slope-Modifying Osteotomies Alter the Length Change Behavior of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament: A Biomechanical Study.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Changes in the Elongation Pattern of the Medial Collateral Ligament During a Single-Leg Squat After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Posteromedial corner injuries result in the same posterior translation as posterolateral corner injuries in PCL ruptures.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- A novel minimally invasive nonanatomical single-bundle medial collateral ligament reconstruction technique with a short isometric construct Achilles tendon allograft: A surgical description with clinical and radiological outcomes in multiligament knee injury patients.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Effect of a Partial Superficial and Deep Medial Collateral Ligament Injury on Knee Joint Laxity.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo define the length-change patterns of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), deep MCL (dMCL), and posterior oblique ligament (POL) across knee flexion and with applied anterior and rotational loads, and to relate these findings to their functions in knee stability and to surgical repair or reconstruction.
methodsTen cadaveric knees were mounted in a kinematics rig with loaded quadriceps, ITB, and hamstrings. Length changes of the anterior and posterior fibres of the sMCL, dMCL, and POL were recorded from 0° to 100° flexion by use of a linear displacement transducer and normalised to lengths at 0° flexion. Measurements were repeated with no external load, 90 N anterior draw force, and 5 Nm internal and 5 Nm external rotation torque applied.
resultsThe anterior sMCL lengthened with flexion (p < 0.01) and further lengthened by external rotation (p < 0.001). The posterior sMCL slackened with flexion (p < 0.001), but was lengthened by internal rotation (p < 0.05). External rotation lengthened the anterior dMCL fibres by 10% throughout flexion (p < 0.001). sMCL release allowed the dMCL to become taut with valgus rotation (p < 0.001). The anterior and posterior POL fibres slackened with flexion (p < 0.001), but were elongated by internal rotation (p < 0.001).
conclusionThe structures of the medial ligament complex react differently to knee flexion and applied loads. Structures attaching posterior to the medial epicondyle are taut in extension, whereas the anterior sMCL, attaching anterior to the epicondyle, is tensioned during flexion. The anterior dMCL is elongated by external rotation. These data offer the basis for MCL repair and reconstruction techniques regarding graft positioning and tensioning.
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