Trial reportNature communications2020
Analysis of immune, microbiota and metabolome maturation in infants in a clinical trial of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74-fermented formula.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03637894 (Immunity Modification of Full Term Infants According to the Type of Feeding and Mode of Delivery), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunity Modification of Full Term Infants According to the Type of Feeding and Mode of Delivery
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic supplementation is associated with higher faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) in healthy full-term infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety study of formula containing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on fullterm infants' growth - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of adding postbiotics in infant formula: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- The Association of Formula Protein Content and Growth in Early Infancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- New Postbiotic Derived from Sequential Fermentation of TwoMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Human milk and infant formula influence lactobacilli metabolism in a species-specific manner.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Investigate the effects of donor breast milk and formula milk on metabolites in preterm infants through non-targeted metabolomics.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Animal performance and gut microbiota of cattle as affected by the unfermented or fermented total mixed ration.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Machine learning identifies differences between breast milk and formula in the gut microbiome.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Novel approach to substantiate cause-and-effect relationships: combining study ranking and statistical modelling, with a crucial role of data sharing.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Introducing blueberry powder as one of the first complementary foods changes the gut microbiota composition and diversity in U.S. human milk-fed infants: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Postbiotics as Metabolites and Their Biotherapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Maternal-Foetal/Infant Interactions-Gut Microbiota and Immune Health.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Analysis of the Fecal Metabolomic Profile in Breast vs. Different Formula Milk Feeding in Late Preterm Infants.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Microbiota, metabolic profiles and immune biomarkers in infants receiving formula with added bovine milk fat globule membrane: a randomized, controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Partial Substitution of Whey Protein Concentrate with Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma or Soy Protein Isolate in Milk Replacer Differentially Modulates Ileal Morphology, Nutrient Digestion, Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Neonatal Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mother's milk is the best choice for infants nutrition, however when it is not available or insufficient to satisfy the needs of the infant, formula is proposed as an effective substitute. Here, we report the results of a randomized controlled clinical trial (NCT03637894) designed to evaluate the effects of two different dietary regimens (standard formula and Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74-fermented formula) versus breastfeeding (reference group) on immune defense mechanisms (primary endpoint: secretory IgA, antimicrobial peptides), the microbiota and its metabolome (secondary outcomes), in healthy full term infants according to the type of delivery (n = 13/group). We show that the fermented formula, safe and well tolerated, induces an increase in secretory IgA (but not in antimicrobial peptides) and reduces the diversity of the microbiota, similarly, but not as much as, breastmilk. Metabolome analysis allowed us to distinguish subjects based on their dietary regimen and mode of delivery. Together, these results suggest that a fermented formula favors the maturation of the immune system, microbiota and metabolome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.