ReviewNeurology2020
Functional gait disorders: A sign-based approach.
Review in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmasking cerebellar disease: functional neurologic disorder as a precursor to spinocerebellar ataxia type 8.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Understanding Gait, Its Neurophysiologic Control and Systematic Localisation of Gait Abnormalities.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- Functional Movement Disorder in Familial Ataxia: A Case Report of Monozygotic Twins.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Unraveling functional neurological disorder in pediatric populations: A systematic review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Investigation of Gait Characteristics and Kinematic Deviations in Rare Genetic Disorders with Instrumented Gait Analysis.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in People With Functional Gait Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Unraveling the mechanisms of high-level gait control in functional gait disorders.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Low-cost and convenient screening of disease using analysis of physical measurements and recordings.PLOS digital health · 2024Review
- Functional Movement Disorders: Updates and Clinical Overview.Journal of movement disorders · 2024Article
- [Conclusion instead of exclusion-The clinical diagnosis of functional movement disorders].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Review
- Arm Swing while Walking and Running: A New Clinical Feature to Separate Parkinson's Disease from Functional Parkinsonism.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Clinical neurophysiology of functional motor disorders: IFCN Handbook Chapter.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2024Review
- Panic Attack, Severe Hypophosphatemia and Rhabdomyolysis in the Setting of a Motor Functional Neurological Disorder.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Diagnostic challenges of functional neurological disorders after covid-19 disease or vaccination: case series and review of the literature.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Review
- Ataxias: Hereditary, Acquired, and Reversible Etiologies.Seminars in neurology · 2023Article
- Motion Analysis of Balance Pre and Post Sensorimotor Exercises to Enhance Elderly Mobility: A Case Study.Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neurophysiology of cerebellar ataxias and gait disorders.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2023Review
- Hyperacute vestibular syndrome: the role of an acute vertigo service.Frontiers in stroke · 2023Article
- Shoulder-Touch test to reveal incongruencies in persons with functional motor disorders.European journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Pearls & Oy-sters: Marionette Walk in Parkinson Disease: A Rare Dyskinetic-Dystonic Gait Pattern Complication Improved by Visual Cueing.Neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Functional gait disorders are common in clinical practice. They are also usually disabling for affected individuals. The diagnosis is challenging because no single walking pattern is pathognomonic for a functional gait disorder. Establishing a diagnosis is based not primarily on excluding organic gait disorders but instead predominantly on recognizing positive clinical features of functional gait disorders, such as an antalgic, a buckling, or a waddling gait. However, these features can resemble and overlap with organic gait disorders. It is therefore necessary to also look for inconsistency (variations in clinical presentation that cannot be reconciled with an organic lesion) and incongruity (combination of symptoms and signs that is not seen with organic lesions). Yet, these features also have potential pitfalls as inconsistency can occur in patients with dystonic gait or those with freezing of gait. Similarly, patients with dystonia or chorea can present with bizarre gait patterns that may falsely be interpreted as incongruity. A further complicating factor is that functional and organic gait disorders may coexist within the same patient. To improve the diagnostic process, we present a sign-based approach-supported by videos-that incorporates the diverse clinical spectrum of functional gait disorders. We identify 7 groups of supportive gait signs that can signal the presence of functional gait disorders. For each group of signs, we highlight how specific clinical tests can bring out the inconsistencies and incongruencies that further point to a functional gait disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.