ReviewJournal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi2020
Co-infections among patients with COVID-19: The need for combination therapy with non-anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents?
Review in Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 273 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
273 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 509 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Spectrum of Antibiotic Prescribing During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review.Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2021Pooled it
- The Fallacy of a Single Diagnosis.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2023Trial
- A comprehensive overview of monkeypox virus disease.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Modeling of colchicine biotransformation by COVID-19 associated Klebsiella pneumoniae: synergistic effects of cell adaptation and gamma irradiation.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Gut microbial profiles of COVID-19 patients in Uganda.African health sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Cytokines of Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Influenza A After COVID-19.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Brazil.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Human bocavirus: As an emerging respiratory pathogen.World journal of virology · 2025Review
- COVID-19 and MPXV: Twindemic Response and Dual Infections in Individuals in a US Metro.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards the Prevention of Monkeypox Among People of Bangladesh With at Least Primary Education: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Predicting carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in pediatric liver transplant recipients.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Laboratory Validation of a Fully Automated Point-of-Care Device for High-Order Multiplexing Real-Time PCR Detection of Respiratory Pathogens.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Incidence trends and epidemiology of invasive device-associated bacteremia in French nursing home residents, 2020-2024: Insights from the SPIADI Prospective Multicenter Study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Co-infections during SARS-CoV-2 infection in hematologic patients and cell therapy recipients in the omicron era: a Spanish hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cell therapy group study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring co-infection dynamics and immune response interactions between COVID-19 and Monkeypox: implications for disease severity, viral transmission, and vaccine efficacy.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Spatial Investigation of Tuberculosis Dynamics and Affecting Factors in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye (2016-2023).GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Secondary bacterial infections of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19 admitted to Chinese ICUs.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- EIDD-2801 resists to infection and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Incidence and Temporal Dynamics of Combined Infections in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients With Risk Factors for Severe Complications.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Co-infection has been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome, but there is limited knowledge on co-infection among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prevalence of co-infection was variable among COVID-19 patients in different studies, however, it could be up to 50% among non-survivors. Co-pathogens included bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila and Acinetobacter baumannii; Candida species and Aspergillus flavus; and viruses such as influenza, coronavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus, influenza B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Influenza A was one of the most common co-infective viruses, which may have caused initial false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laboratory and imaging findings alone cannot help distinguish co-infection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Newly developed syndromic multiplex panels that incorporate SARS-CoV-2 may facilitate the early detection of co-infection among COVID-19 patients. By contrast, clinicians cannot rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection by ruling in other respiratory pathogens through old syndromic multiplex panels at this stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for coinfection among COVID-19 patients. Clinicians can neither rule out other co-infections caused by respiratory pathogens by diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection nor rule out COVID-19 by detection of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory pathogens. After recognizing the possible pathogens causing co-infection among COVID-19 patients, appropriate antimicrobial agents can be recommended.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.